ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a review of the raw materials used for producing ancient traditional porcelains in the famous kiln areas of north and south China. The relation between the use of porcelain stone and the invention of Chinese porcelain is described. The characteristics of porcelain stone and kaolin and their important role in the development of southern porcelains are discussed. As porcelain stone, which mainly consists of quartz and sericite, occurs widely in south China, the ancient southern porcelains were of a highly siliceous nature. From the beginning of the Yuan through to the Qing Dynasty more and more kaolin was added to the bodies to improve the quality of Jingdezhen porcelain. The glazes in south China were prepared from a mixture of porcelain stone and grass‐plus‐wood ash or glaze ash, here defined as the ash made by calcining limestone with plant material. The raw materials used in the north for making porcelain bodies were mainly various kinds of clay minerals. Feldspar, quartz and dolomite or calcite were used for northern porcelain gla

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The microstructure and chemical composition of a range of early vitreous materials, principally from Egypt and dating from mid‐second millennium B.C. onwards, have been examined in polished section in a scanning electron microscope with attached X‐ray spectrometer. Faience is defined as a material with a quartz core which contains varying amounts of interstitial glass and which is covered with alkali‐based coloured glaze and frit as a polycrystalline material which is coloured throughout and has no glaze covering. The amount of interstitial glass and hence the chemical compositions of the faience cores depends on the methods of production used. Frits which, on the basis of the above definition, include Egyptian blue and glassy faience differ from faience cores in containing significantly higher concentrations of lime and copper oxide. The nature of the frit, including its colour, depends on the relative amounts of lime and copper

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An isotopic data base of δ13C and δ18O analyses of 528 samples collected from 39 classical Greek and Roman quarries of Turkey, Greece, Italy and Tunisia has been accumulated. The discriminative possibilities of the data base vary from quarry to quarry. Most quarries have a distinctive pattern for either or both variables, but some have more than one grouping. The data also overlap for many quarries preventing a unique provenance assignment. If the alternatives are known so that the total pool of possible sources is reduced, the data base can then discriminate and assign a provenance for most classical marble artifact

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The beginning of the Late Bronze Age in the Aegean has usually been thought to coincide with the start of the Eighteenth Dynasty in Egypt, and radiocarbon dates (which consistently suggest an earlier chronology) have been rejected by Aegean specialists because they do not agree with this view. Evidence from pottery is used to re‐examine the links between the Aegean and Egypt, with the conclusion that the Aegean Late Bronze Age began during the Hyksos perio

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Palaeomagnetic measurements on sediments from Petralona cave. Greece indicate a stable, single component remanence of normal polarity. Redeposition experiments established the ability of the sediments to acquire the direction of the geomagnetic field. Magnetic properties and Mössbauer spectra of sediments and magnetic concentrates show that magnetite, which is slightly non‐stoichiometric, and haematite are present in the sediments from the cave. The magnetite dominates the magnetic properties and exhibits pseudosingle domain behaviour.Using rstimated deposition rates for the sediments in the cave. and the fact that U Th and ESR dates which can be stratigraphically correlated to the palaeomagnetic section range from 200 to 750 ka. implies that the section represents a time span of about 150 180 ka within the Brunhes epoch. From this. the age of a human cranium found in the cave 25 years ago is estimated to be not older than 620

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study deals with radiocarbon dating of lime mortars which were used as supports for Mycenaean and Minoan paintings. The14C dates are. on the whole, compatible with the historical data. and thus show that a large proportion of the Mycenaean surficial coatings can be dated by the radiocarbon method. However. in order to determine the age of the mortars accurately. it is necessary to evaluate the amount of sedimentary carbonate which may have been added to them. It is shown here that the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of lime mortars are significant indicators that such a mixing actually took place.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the results of NAA analysis of 43 samples of archaeological glass (Bronze Age to Roman period) found in Bohemia (with the exception of one comparative sample of Mediterranean origin). A detailed description of the method used is given. The applicability of this type of analysis to prehistoric glass from the technical point of view and the validity of its results for historical studies is tested. In general, the method succeeded in distinguishing major clusters of glass. as recognized by means of prehistoric studies, though without showing more intensively the expected differences within these clusters.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent excavations of the Bronze Age site of Sarazm (35W2000 B.C., uncalibrated) were undertaken by a collaborative team of archaeologists from the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. The site is located in the Zeraoshan Valley in Tadjikistan SSR. A series of radiocarbon dates are presented as well as the analysis of 8 metallurgical samples. This Bronze Age site represents the easternmost extension in central Asia of an urban community with a rich metallurgical inventory.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent studies of the thermal histories of archaeological materials with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy have been extended to black materials encountered in archaeology and in the conservation of antiquities. The ESR parameters of jet. charcoal and lampblacks are reported and comparisons made with a range of related materials Discrimination and characterization is achieved by simultaneous consideration of the three main parameters of the ESR signal due to radical carbon. This study is the first attempt using ESR spectroscopy to discriminate between jet and related coal‐like substance

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1987.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY