摘要:

Statistical methods in conservation science are reviewed, with an emphasis on deterioration and treatment studies. A survey of all articles published in two major conservation journals during the period 1981–1992 shows that less than one‐third of the papers reported any statistical analysis; most that did included only simple descriptive statistics. Basic components of experimental design that impact subsequent data analysis and interpretation are discussed in the context of conservation research. An overview is given of statistical methods particularly useful to conservation scientists. Some of the most important are correlation analysis, regression analysis, t‐tests, analysis of variance, and the Kruskal‐Wall

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Limestone from quarries known to medieval craftsmen and from the monuments they built and embellished, as well as from carvings now in museum collections, has been characterized by neutron activation analysis. Specimens from 38 quarries in the Lutetian and Jurassic limestone formations of France and from sculptures in American and French museums have been tested, and the results have been compiled in a data base to which art historians may refer when attempting to determine provenance for sculptures. Multivariate statistical analysis of concentration data shows stone from a particular quarry in the Paris basin to be compositionally homogeneous and distinguishable from other quarries in the same formation. The same approach to data related to quarries near the Burgundian abbey of Cluny finds general agreement between classifications based on compositional and on petrographic data, but the number of samples available for analysis at the time of writing was insufficient to achieve the finer distinctions reported for the Paris basin.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the body analyses of 70 sherds of ceramics made in north China during the Late Tang and Northern Song dynasties (c. AD 80–1200). The major types represented are Ding, Xing and Cizhou‐type wares. The analyses were obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry, giving information on nine major and minor constituents. These have been used to differentiate chemically between the major kiln sites in the north, with the aid of multivariate computer analysis. This has demonstrated that there are differing chemical characteristics associated with these kilns, but the study is hampered by the lack of authentic material from controlled excavations of the kiln si

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The raw material used largely determines the type and quality of porcelain produced. Twenty‐three raw materials used for making Ding, Xing, Gongxian and Dehua porcelain bodies were studied using principal component analysis. Results show that for Dehua wares, only one raw material was used. For Ding wares, although there were many possible raw materials, the use of one alone is unlikely. Lingshan clay was the main raw material but it has to be mixed with other raw materials: Pinjiawa clay, quartz, feldspar and dolomite. The Xing pieces can be divided into three groups and Gongxian wares into two groups, which are discussed in detai

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A multidisciplinary programme of research on Islamic pottery has been focused on questions of the dating, provenance and technology of Islamic pottery. One particular question has been the development of stonepaste, a material made primarily of crushed quartz with added frit‐glass and clay. The combination of the different approaches of this study has revealed early foundations for the technology in ninth‐century AD Iraq, apparently originating in the clay ceramic rather than the ‘Egyptian faience’ tradition. Subsequent and final practice developed in tenth‐ and eleventh‐century AD Egypt. This technology becomes the primary body for all fine Islam

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method of analysis of trace elements (Mn, Sr, and Cu) in a mammoth's bone and the method of estimation of the data using regression analysis are described. The concentration fields of the single elements in a cross‐section through the bone are well described by a fourth degree polynomial. The minimum values and their coordinates have been determined. A method of determination of the original concentrations of trace elements in fossil bones is described further. The approximating features of the regression exponential equations and of the diffusion functions of various shapes were determined and a method for calculating the concentrations and diffusion properties of the bones once deposited in the soil is suggested. The original trace element concentration can be estimated by extrapolation of a suitable exponential or diffusion functio

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RQ‐mode principal components analysis (PCA) is a means for calculating variable and object loadings on the same axes, so that elements can be displayed along with data points on a single diagram. The biplots resulting from RQ‐mode PCA preserve both Euclidean relations among the objects and variance‐covariance structure. When used with data on the chemical composition of archaeological pottery, such biplots facilitate recognizing compositional subgroups and determining the chemical basis of group separation. RQ‐mode PCA is illustrated in this paper with neutron activation data on Mesoamerican Plumbate

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The walls and floors of the Minoan settlement of Gournia (Crete) have retained a perpendicular relationship since their construction between 3650 and 2025 BC. Their present orientation indicates that they were tilted in unison in an east‐south‐east direction. This was established by the reconstruction of a representative block, of which the side planes and the base plane were defined by the present orientation of the wall and floor remnants respectively. Stereographic projection methods, derived from geological practice, were used to determine the geometric elements and the orientation of the representative bl

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article describes the result of a geophysical survey in the vicinity of the most important construction of the ancient Prehispanic urban centre of Teotihuacan, Mexico. The survey was intended to locate a system of tunnels under the city. It is proposed that the system was originally dug to obtain construction materials, but afterwards it was used for ideological needs.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The simultaneous measurement of different physical properties of the soil with a single apparatus can be of value in archaeological prospecting. This paper establishes, from theoretical calculation, that the use of the medium frequency range allows the determination of the soil permittivity as well as of the soil conductivity with a Slingram electromagnetic device.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1994.tb01071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY