摘要:

ObjectivesThe psychometric measurement of personality and behavior traits may inform both basic research and clinical practice in substance abuse research. Relationships among novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, impulsivity and venturesomeness, and conduct disorder were examined in a group of subjects with a past diagnosis of a substance use disorder and controls.MethodsPsychometric data from 68 subjects were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and logistic regression.ResultsStatistical analyses demonstrated that individuals meeting criteria for a past substance use disorder showed lower reward dependenceand greater impulsivity than controls, when controlling for the presence of conduct disorder. A substance use disorder x conduct disorder interactionwas found on the dimensions of harm avoidance and venturesomeness.ConclusionsLogistic regression revealed that a past substance use disorder could be predictedfrom the combination of two factors: low reward dependence and nonplanning impulsivity. Results are discussed in the context of previous data on personality dimensions and substance abuse.

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study assessed the reasons for cessation of opiate use among Iranian opioids dependants seeking treatment. The data were gathered from 1,000 (97.9% males and 2.1% females) opiate addicts. All the subjects were opioid dependent on the basis of DSM-IV. The mean age was 35.7 years, ranging from 15 to 72. The majority (67.5%) were married. Of the opiate addicts, 25.9% were workers, 24.4% were unemployed, 23.8% had free job and 10.8% were drivers. Their reported reasons for cessation of opiate use were: social problems (71.6%), family pressure (27.17%), financial problems (26.3%), mental and physical problems (19.3%), dissatisfaction with using substance (18.2%), occupational or legal problems (5%), and other reasons (6.9%). The majority (54.3%) were current users of opium and 37.5% were current users of heroin. There were meaningful relationships between age and reasons for cessation and also between occupation and reasons for cessation of opiate use. Social problems were the most common reasons for cessation of substance use and opium was the most frequently used substance. It also can be concluded that during the recent years demographic characteristics of Iranian opiate addicts have been changed.

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectivesEvaluation of the performance of a brief assessment tool for identifying substance use disorders. The Triage Assessment for Addictive Disorders (TAAD) is a triage instrument that provides professionals with a tool to evaluate indications of current substance use disorders in accordance with the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The TAAD is a 31-item structured interview that addresses both alcohol and other drug issues to discriminate among those with no clear indications of a diagnosis, those with definite, current indications of abuse or dependence, and those with inconclusive diagnostic indications.MethodsEmploying a sample of 1325 women between the ages of 18 and 60, reliability estimates and problem profiles produced by the TAAD were evaluated.ResultsThe Cronbach alpha coefficients for internal consistency for both the alcohol and drug dependence scales were .92. The alpha coefficients for the alcohol and drug abuse scales were .83 and .84 respectively. The diagnostic profiles elicited from the TAAD indicate that alcohol and drug dependences are the more definitive and distinct syndromes compared with the abuse syndromes.DiscussionThe diagnostic profiles from this sample are consistent with previous research. The Cronbach alpha coefficients suggest that the TAAD provides an internally consistent index for alcohol and drug dependence and abuse. Implications for use in clinical practice and the need for further research regarding the psychometric properties of the TAAD are discussed.

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Substance abuse, especially alcoholism, is a serious and long-standing problem that causes great personal, societal, and financial hardship. Although advances have been made in the medical treatment of these disorders, psychotherapeutic interventions are the current mainstay of treatment. In an effort to provide holistic treatment of addictive disorders, Alcoholics Anonymous was developed by two severe alcoholics in the 1930s. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been adapted to the management of many different addictions and other chronic conditions such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, etc. since its inception; furthermore, twelve step programs and the related “disease concept of treatment,” including alcoholism and addiction, have heavily influenced inpatient and outpatient treatment.The twelve-step approach differs from other addiction treatment strategies. First, the program emphasizes a comprehensive treatment approach for the disease of addiction, addressing mental, physical, and spiritual components. Moreover, participation in each other's treatment is critical to sustained sobriety. With intensive work in the program, the twelve-step approach offers management of the addictive behavior as well as improvement in handling “life on life's terms.”Twelve step treatments have significant positives such as being widely available for little to no cost and promising success via a holistic treatment strategy. However, the twelve step approach has been criticized for being overly religious, inflexible, and controlling. It has also been accused of fostering a substitute dependency. Despite the plentiful anecdotal reports of positive treatment outcomes, rigorous examination of treatment efficacy has been challenging and has produced varying results. However, more recent and detailed studies have generated optimistic findings.The benefits of enhanced knowledge regarding this treatment modality are readily apparent when serving chronically addicted clients in an increasingly managed-care environment. This article is a primer on the twelve-step model, with a history of AA, a brief examination of how a twelve-step program works, a review of research on this treatment modality, and a discussion of handling common issues reported by clients regarding this psychosocial approach.

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) and Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL) have emerged as significant new drugs whose abuse seems to be rising. Several studies have detailed the adverse effects and dependence caused by these drugs. This article presents a brief review of GHB/GBL intoxication and withdrawal with a case presentation of a patient with GBL dependence and withdrawal. Although many patients with GHB intoxication can be discharged once the effects wear off, severe GHB withdrawal symptoms may manifest 24 to 48 hours later. These symptoms can be severe, so assessing for GHB dependence and taking precautions upon discharge are important.

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1531-5754    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID