摘要:

AbstractBy replacing parts of the neural plate (prospective medulla oblongata) ofTriturus vulgarisby neural ectoderm ofXenopus laevislarval chimaeras were obtained, which showed donorlike rhythmical movements of distinct parts of the visceral musculature according to the place of implantation. Especially the branchial region with its external gills showed rhythmical movements and is the special object of this investigation.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the East African cricketPhaeophilacris spectruma few ♀♀ form a social group which is joined by a ♂ who defends the group against other ♂♂. There is a special courtship and aggressive behaviour with several action sequences. ♂♂ perform two types of non‐stridulator

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative study of the sexual sequence is carried out in four Oniscoidea of the ligiid seriesPorcellio laevis, Metoponorthus sexfasciatus(Porcellionidae),Armadillidium vulgare(Armadillidiidae) andArmadillo officinalis(Armadillidae). The differences between the four species chiefly appear in the precopulatory manoeuvres. The integration of coiling or uncoiling reactions in the sexual sequence of coiling forms is studied in two genera:ArmadillidiumandArmadillo. Results of the behavioral study provide information about the evolution of the group.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo see if genetic differences correlate with differences in agonistic behavior, 225 encounters within and between color morphs of the white‐throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) were observed in feeding groups of different sizes and morphic compositions. Tan morphs lack the M chromosome that replaces either of two chromosomes in the white morph. The data were analysed using quantitative models accounting for the proportions of morphs present, and the principal finding was that morphs are equally frequent recipients of aggression but the white morph was the aggressor more frequently than by chance expectation — regardless of the morph of the recipient, the size of the group or the morphic composition of the gr

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCalifornia ground squirrel alarm vocalizations were recorded in field and laboratory, and sonagraphically analysed. The contexts of both naturally occurring and experimentally elicited calls were noted in the field. The components of this graded system are chatters, chats and whistles. Chatters and chats are often elicited by terrestrial predators, whistles commonly by low flying raptors. Whistles are more commonly associated with cryptic behavior and flight than chatter‐chats, but both call types usually elicit bipedal alert postures. These calls grade along a number of dimensions which may signal redundantly the level of excitation of the caller. We propose that the chatter‐chat calls of highly aroused squirrels are composed of more and longer notes, occur at a higher rate, are less noisy and contain more frequency modulation. Whistles, however, are single‐note calls that contain no frequency modulation, even though they are emitted by highly aroused squirrels and are long and noise free. Preliminary data suggest that: 1) chats are easier for a human ♀ to localize than whistles; 2) elevation of the head, by adopting bipedal postures and mounting promontories, enhances the audibility of

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractField observations and experiments on the Indo‐Pacific anemonefishAmphiprion melanopusat Guam show that it colonizes the aggregating sea anemonePhysobrachia douglasiextensively and nearly exclusively. There are an average of four fish per colony. The total standard length of anemonefish at each aggregation is highly correlated with the total area covered by resident anemones, suggesting both a carrying capacity and some form of social control of growth of anemonefish2). Inter‐colony migration of juveniles, as well as larval recruitment, may contribute to maintenance of the optimum colony size. Adults do not migrate.Both juveniles and adults defend territory. Juvenile territories are mutually exclusive areas within the confines of the anemone aggregation, while adult territories are considerably larger than the area covered by the anemone aggregation. Though territories of mated ♀♀ and ♂♂ overlap completely, female emphasis is peripheral relative to the ♂. Adult conspecific intruders are attacked more heavily and at greater distances than are juveniles. Intraspecific territoriality in juveniles probably reflects the limited availability of critical habitat. In adults it may function to protect the pair bond. Interspecific aggression is less intense and appears to protect both the spawn and host anemones from vari

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe main ecological, social and behavioural features of the De Brazza's monkey are described. Radio‐tracking techniques have been used. The species lives in small family groups including the adult ♂, the adult ♀ and their offspring. Home ranges vary from 4 to 10 ha, always located near the riversides, and day ranges from 250 m to 1010 m. Variations in range utilization may be related to the fructification of some tree species. Behavioral mechanisms of group cohesion and defence, together with protective types of locomotion, seem to be adapted to avoid attracting the attention of predators rather than distracting them. They combine to distinguish the De Brazza's monkey from sympatricCercopithecussp

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Bellairs, A. d'A., und B.Cox,ed.(1976): Morphology and Biology of Reptiles (Morphologie und Biologie der Reptilien).Turner, D. C. (1975): The Vampire Bat (Die Vampirfledermaus).Fox, M. W.,ed.(1975): The wild Canids. Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution (Die Wild‐Caniden. Ihr System, ihre Verhaltens‐ökologie und Evolution). Behavioral Science Series.Gewalt, W. (1976): Der Weißwal. Ziemsen‐Verlag, Wittenberg‐Lutherstadt. Vertrieb bei Neumann‐Neudamm AG Melsungen—Berlin—Basel—Wien.Pilleri, G. (1975): Die Geheimnisse der blinden Delphine. Hallwag‐Verlag, Bern und Ostfildern‐Kemnat bei Stuttgart.Pryor, K. (1977): Delphine als Artisten (Lads before the wind: adventures in purpoise training, übersetzt von R. Winterberg). Mit einem Vorwort von K. Lorenz. Verlag Müller Rüschlikon‐Zürich, Stuttgart und Wien.Ewer, R. F. (1976): Ethologie der Säugetiere. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt von L. de Kock, bearbeitet von P. Leyhausen).Haltenorth, Th., und H.Diller(1977): Säugetiere Afrikas und Madagaskars. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft München—Berlin.Portmann, A. (1976): Einführung in die vergleichende Morphologie der Wirbeltiere, 5.Shorey, H. H. (1977): Animal Communication by Pheromon

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY