ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe main question of our investigation is: Do there exist age‐specific learning abilities in animals? 120 quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of 12 different age groups (between one day and 20 weeks) were tested in a combination apparatus by using two training methods. 60 quails were trained with decreasing (1), 60 other quails with increasing learning assistance (2). In each case the learning period lasted 5 days after which the animals were tested in a two‐way choice apparatus and in a simple maze. Retention was tested 3 weeks later. ‐The 2 methods led to different results. In general the younger animals learnt better than the older ones when trained by method 1. No differences in learning performance between the 12 age groups were obtained by met

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study evaluates the social spacing mechanism of song as it occurs in Kloss' gibbons. The study population included individuals in 13 family groups whose composition and territories were known (Tenaza 1975) plus a number of others. Sonagrams illustrate individual and sexual differences in singing. Sex differences in chorusing, countersinging and other behavior related to song are described. Variations in singing or chorusing or both are related to season, time of day, sex, age, spatial factors and social factors. The adaptive functions of singing, countersinging and chorusing are discussed. It is concluded that: (1) Song is mainly for interterritorial communication between members of the same sex, (2) ♂ ‐song probably also functions in mate attraction and (3) chorusing is primarily an adaptation reducing predation risk to singing gibb

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHeterosexual affiliation involves behavioral mechanisms that limit bond membership and regulate partners' interactions. Among Common Grackles,Quiscalus quiscula, two characteristic activities of partners, following and vocal answering, develop during group activities and promote the individual specificity of pair bonds. Pairs differ substantially in the durations and seasonal timing of the early stages of nesting activities and in the ♂'s fidelity to his mate through incubation. After the relatively abrupt start of intensive nest‐building, the seasonal course of a pair's behavior becomes more regular, an indication that this transition in the ♀'s state is critical in pacing the pair's breeding activities. Aggression serves primarily to adjust the spatial relationships of individuals, both between partners and between unpaired birds. ♂♂ that deserted their mates during incubation had earlier performed precopulatory displays to

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFeeding, mating behaviour, communication, breeding biology, and development ofPipa carvalhoiare described. Like in other species of the genusPipa, the eggs are laid onto the ♀ back during several turnovers, and this behaviour cau be observed even in the absence of ♂♂ Acoustic communication involves a mating call and a combat call. The biology and behaviour ofPipa carvalhoiare compared to that of other pipid frogs, and it is suggested that the specialized breeding biology of the genusPipaevolved as an adaptation to the life in small ponds and ditches which are rich in nutrients but poor in o

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObservations of 8 groups each containing three adult spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) revealed that instances of chasing and physical displacement were quite common, while fighting and biting were rarely observed. The relationships between the most frequent behavioral categories were presented in a correlation matrix.In a second, study, ♀♀ tested in their home cages were dominant over ♂♂ In the ♂♂ home cages, however, no differences in the frequency of ♀ vs. ♂ aggression were observed. More instances of aggression were observed in the cages of the ♀♀ than in

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Schutz, F. (1972): Früherfahrung und Verhalten. Versuche und Überlegungen zur inhaltlichen Herkunft von Verhaltensprogrammen.— Ders. (1972): Les différences entre imprégnation maternelle et imprégnation sexuelle chez les Colverts (Unterschiede zwischen Mutter‐prägung und Partnerprägung bei Stockenten).Herre, W., und M.Röhrs(1973): Haustiere — zoologisch gesehen. Gustav Fischer‐Verlag Stuttgart.Macintosh, N. J. (1974): The Psychology of Animal Learning (Die Psychologie tier

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY