摘要:

AbstractCyclosporin is a selective immunosuppressant that has a variety of applications in medical practice. Like phenytoin and the calcium channel blockers, the drug is associated with gingival overgrowth. This review considers the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, uses and unwanted effects of Cyclosporin, in particular the action of the drug on the gingival tissues. Clinical and cell culture studies suggest that the mechanism of gingival overgrowth is a result of an interaction between the drug and its metabolites with susceptible gingival fibro‐blasts. Plaque‐induced gingival inflammation appears to enhance this interact

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review of the literature reveals little evidence that controlling plaque reduces and controls nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth. The case presented suggests that significant reduction and control of nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth can be achieved by thorough scaling and root planing along with meticulous plaque cont

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe observations of Finnish periodontists and other dentists, and their concepts of the oral health consequences of tobacco use as well as their counseling on tobacco use, were surveyed from November 1987 to January 1988. A questionnaire was mailed to all 61 Finnish periodontists and to 535 other dentists; 37 periodontists (61%) and 432 of the other dentists (80%) responded. The periodontists enquired about and advised on smoking significantly more frequently than did the other dentists; 71% of the periodontists often or always enquired about, and 62%o advised their patients on smoking. 31% of all dentists had patients who were users of smokeless tobacco, and 62% of those dentists had often or always advised the users to quit. Nearly all dentists had seen some tobacco‐caused effects. Periodontists reported more frequently than the other dentists that they had observed more periodontitis, impaired healing of periodontitis and more changes in the oral mucosa in smokers compared with non‐smokers. The majority of those who had seen users of smokeless tobacco had noticed changes in the oral mucosa and in the color of the gingiva. The majority of all dentists believed that heavy smoking may impair the host response in the periodontium, with periodontists believing in this more strongly than other denti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 mouthrinses, Listerine Antiseptic®(thymol), Peridex®(chlorhexidine), Perimed® (povidone iodine and hydrogen peroxide), and a placebo (water) on the development of dental plaque and gingivitis, when used as the only oral hygiene procedure for 14 days. 71 subjects were entered into a randomized, double‐blind study. At the baseline examination, papillary bleeding score (PBS), and plaque index (PI) were registered, after which subjects received supragingival prophylaxis and were assigned to 1 of 4 study cells. Subjects were asked to refrain from all oral hygiene procedures except for the supervised 14day 2 × daily rinsing with the assigned preparation. At day 14, the same clinical parameters were again registered. Statistical analysis was performed by a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the 4 groups, followed by Duncan's multiple range test to determine specific group differences. At baseline, average PBS and PI scores were similar for all 4 groups. After 14 days, the average PBS for Peridex® and Perimed® was significantly lower than for Listerine Antiseptic® and water. The frequency of interdental units with a PBS>2 was significantly lower for Peridexl® and Perimed® than for Listerine Antiseptic® and water. We concluded that both Peridex® and Perimed® were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis when used as a 2 × daily mouthrinse by subjects refraining from other oral hygiene procedures.In vitro, a synergistic effect was assumed when inhibition was achieved with Perimed® at the same or greater dilution than was achieved with povi

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present investigation, the frequency and severity of periodontal ‘disease was assessed in a group of 71 patients with a mean duration of 16.5 years of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD). The diabetics, aged 17–63 years, were under treatment at the diabetic outpatient clinic of the III Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki and at two clinics of the Helsinki Health Centre. Based upon their long‐term medical records, 44 individuals were assessed to have a poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (PIDD). At baseline of the present study, the PIDD group had a mean blood glucose level of 11.8 mmol/1 and a mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA), level of 10.7%. 27 subjects were classified as having a controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (CIDD). For each individual, site‐specific recordings were made for the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, loss of attachment, bleeding after probing, gingival recession and radiographic loss of alveolar bone. Under similar plaque conditions, adult subjects with a long‐term PIDD were found to have lost more approximal attachment and bone than subjects with a CIDD (P=0.046, P=0.019). These differences were not equally obvious when the subjects were classified according to the history of medical complications, such as retinopathies, neuropathies an

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study compared the clinical effectiveness and subjective approval of 2 waxed dental flosses that differed significantly in tensile strength and wax content. At the initial appointment, subjects (20 Ist‐year dental students) were instructed to stop interproximal cleaning on 2 contralateral quadrants in order to allow plaque to accumulate on these surfaces for 1 week. 1 week later, subjects were instructed to begin flossing these 2 contralateral quadrants with 1 of the 2 types of floss for the next 1–week period, while withdrawing interproximal cleaning on the opposite 2 contralateral quadrants. After flossing these 2 quadrants for 1 week, the subjects began flossing the opposite 2 contralateral quadrants with the same floss. After 2 weeks of flossing contralateral quadrants, the 1st floss was withdrawn and replaced with the alternative floss for another similar 2–week trial period. At the end of each 2–week trial period, subjects completed subjective questionnaires concerning the floss they had used during the previous 2–week period. Pre‐ and post‐flossing plaque indices were calculated for each week for both flosses, and compared statistically by a repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that both flosses significantly reduced interproximal plaque deposits, and had equal subjective approval. However, neither the greater‐strength nor the lower‐wax content of the experimental floss was associated with an increase in clinical effectiveness or with a change in su

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of some putative periodonto‐pathogens in “test” and “control” sites in “diseased” and “non‐diseased” persons, respectively, from an adult rural Kenyan population exhibiting poor oral hygiene and widespread loss of attachment (LA). 14 persons (2 mm and no pockets ≥4 mm associated with LA. Paperpoint samples from test and control sites as well as a scraping sample from the dorsum of tongue were examined for presence ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, B. melaninogenicusgroup,Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas spp., andWolinella recta. P. gingivaliswas found in 79% of test sites and 36% of control sites in “diseased” persons, and in 18% and 35% of test and control sites, respectively, in “non‐diseased” persons. “No other bacterial group discriminated significantly between test and control sites or between diseased and non‐diseased subjects. The surprisingly high occurrence ofP. gingivalisin non‐diseased subjects, both subgingivally and on tongue, indicates that deep periodontal pockets are not pre

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring a 2–year period pocket depth, probing attachment level, gingival index, and crevicular fluid aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were monitored in 25 previously treated periodontitis patients. Probing attachment level change was used retrospectively to identify sites where active periodontal destruction had occurred. The ability of crevicular fluid AST activities at 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 μIU levels to recognize active disease was investigated. Probing attachment level changes observed support the concept that the pattern of periodontal disease activity is episodic and infrequent. A loss of ≥2 mm was found at 11% of all studied sites, whereas a gain of ≥2 mm was noticed for 15% of sites. 2 subjects had 3 teeth that lost ≥2 mm of attachment, whereas 15 subjects demonstrated no teeth with disease activity. The remaining 8 subjects had 1 or 2 sites that lost ≥2 mm of attachment. Bayes's theorem and ROC curves were used to exemplify the sensitivity and the specificity of AST assessments. The AST 800 μIU demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity 0.68 and an odds ratio of 15.4 for attachment loss ≥2 mm. Under the conditional probability of either 50%, 25% or 10% active disease prevalence, AST 800 μIU has a predictability of 73%, 50%, and 24%

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe apically repositioned flap procedure, by definition, implies that the mucogingival junction (MGJ) is shifted into an apical location. That this actually would be the case has never been shown in long‐term studies. The 13 subjects in the present study had during the years 1964–1965 received treatment of moderately advanced periodontal disease (probing pocket depths ≤5 mm) in the lower jaw. An apically repositioned flap (ARF) procedure was applied in the left or right half of the mandible and a gingivectomy (GE) was performed in the contralateral side. Starting in December 1981, the patients were recalled for clinical and radio‐graphic determination of long‐term results. The width of the band of keratinized gingiva was measured clinically and the distance from the MGJ to the lower border of the mandible (LBM) was measured from orthopantomograms. Slightly less keratinized gingiva was observed on the sides where GE had been used. There was no statistically significant difference in the orthopantomographic distance from the MGJ to the LBM between ARF and GE operations. The results indicate that the apically repositioned flap procedure does not result in a permanent apical shift o

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have estimated the levels of Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) by ELISA in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at 58 sites from 37 patients with adult periodontitis. GCF was collected for 5 s on filter papers and a 2nd sample was collected for 30 s 1 min later. 68/116 strips yielded detectable levels of IL‐1β. IL‐1β was present in both the 1 st and 2nd samples at 28 sites, in the 1 st only at 4 sites and in the 2nd only at 8 sites; 18 sites were below the level of detection for the assay. When the concentrations of IL‐1β were calculated in the original volume of GCF on each strip, the mean value for positive strips was 34.16±29.45 (SD) pg/μ1 with a range from 1.75 to 97.13 pg/μ. There were no statistically significant correlations with the plaque index, bleeding index or probeable crevice depth (pocket depth). The results indicate that IL‐1 is present in the GCF from a proportion of sites with evidence of previous perio

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY