摘要:

AbstractWe have reviewed the recent literature on the humoral immune responses to a variety of subgingival plaque bacterial species in patients with destructive periodontal diseases. We do not feel that the information presently available on the specific antibody responses to proposed pathogens such asBacteroides gingivalisandActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansallows antibody responses to be diagnostic. All control subjects without periodontal destruction have antibodies to candidate pathogens but the generally higher levels in patients are not sufficiently elevated to be diagnostic. Nor can they be used to predict the initiation of disease or the onset of new episodes of destruction where disease had previously occurred. Successful treatment of patients may lead to lower levels of antibodies to some organisms, including possible pathogens, and thus support a given species in the aetiopathogenesis of disease. It appears that unsuccessful treatment may be accompanied by continuing high antibody levels to some organisms and further studies may enable this observation to be used to monitor therapy. There is some evidence from serological studies that each destructive episode may be induced by a different bacterial species or consortium. The start of studies using single antigens and the techniques of molecular biology will provide not only antibody‐based diagnostic methods but also allow us to determine which bacterial antigens are virulence factors and thus the role of the antibody responses, whether protective or damaging, in the periodontal disease

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract87 teenagers were included in a 2‐year follow‐up study on clinical and microbiological conditions of the periodontium. The clinical status was determined according to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) for subjects under 20 years of age. 59% of the subjects had at least 3 healthy sextants at the baseline and 68% at the 2‐year examination. The microbiological conditions were assessed by using direct dark‐field microscopy, and the culture ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.).Subgingival bacterial samples were taken, 2 for the microscopy and 2 for the culture, from the mesial surfaces of the first molars of each subject. The presence of gingival bleeding after probing was separately recorded from the 2 sites sampled for dark‐field microscopy. No gingival bleeding at these 2 sites was found at the 2‐year examination in 55% of those subjects who were non‐bleeding at baseline, in 46% of the subjects initially with 1 bleeding site and in 13% of the subjects with both sites bleeding at baseline. 55% of the subjects with neither fusiforms, motile rods nor spirochetes at baseline maintained their healthy flora for 2 years.A.a.was recovered in 4 subjects at baseline and in 5 subjects 2 years later, in 3 of them at both examinations. Longer follow‐up periods are needed to reveal the significance of the constant recovery ofA.a.from th

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes that occur in the dentogingival area during experimental gingivitis using a replication technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The upper 1st premolars of 20 subjects were examined prior to plaque accumulation, after plaque had become clinically visible and after 3 weeks plaque accumulation. 3 distinct zones were examined: the tooth surface and its integuments, the gingival crevice and the oral gingiva. Surface features such as perichymata, pits, depressions and cracks were rapidly covered by plaque deposits. These had a raised globular surface with occasional embedded desquamated epithelial cells. Raised plaque colonies were frequently seen by the end of the study. Initially, the gingival crevice presented a layered undulating appearance. With plaque accumulation many desquamating epithelial cells were seen and variations occurred in the width of the crevice. These changes were mirrored in the oral gingiva. The junctional epithelium was initially smooth with occasional pores and emigrating leucocytes. As plaque accumulated, the presence of pores and leucocytes increased and considerable disruption by desquamating epithelial cells was noted. No subject proved resistant to the influence of plaque‐induced change

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether variations occur in the % of motile micro‐organisms on the dorsum of the tongue during a 1‐month time‐period and further to examine 2 transport fluids: the growth medium BM and reduced transport fluid (RTF), for their ability to conserve motility of microorganisms in comparison to sterile saline. Both transport fluids showed a significant reduction in the % of motile micro‐organisms within 15 min. The use of RTF resulted, during a 60‐min period, in a significantly higher % of motile micro‐organisms compared to sterile saline. Results showed that the % of motile micro‐organisms on the dorsum of the tongue was not constant. A significant reduction in the % of motile micro‐organisms was observed in the course of the month involve

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinical and epidemiological studies in the field of periodontics and endodontics often utilize radiographs to monitor or measure the changes in bone structure and density. Periodontal bone loss or gain can be quantified on a radiograph by measurement of the distance between the bottom of the bony pocket and the apical contour of the involved tooth. The objective of this investigation was to study the accuracy of an image analysis system (IAS) to measure changes in height of the interproximal crest on radiographs. Artificial bone lesions were introduced in a dissectioned part of a human mandible. The distances between crest and apices were measured with a micrometer (MM). Radiographs were produced with horizontal and vertical deviations of 10°. The radiographs were digitized and processed by computer. The landmarks in the digital image were enhanced mathematically and by histogram‐based thresholding. The depth of the introduced defect was increased 6 times, followed by the measurement procedure. The IAS produced measurements of crown‐apex distances with an accuracy of 0.066 to 0.358 mm. Repeated crest height measurements were recorded with an accuracy of 0.112 to 0.184 mm. Both the histogram‐based binarization and the ellipse‐fitting type of contour detection could be applied precisely. Misangulation errors during radiographic exposure of 10° horizontal or vertical did not statistically significant influence the IAS‐measurements. The IAS can be applied in clinical trials and follow

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA multifactorial approach has been used to identify some predictors of postoperative intrabony defects (IBD) on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar (M2) after impacted lower third molar (M3) surgery. The material consisted of 215 lower third molar removals, performed on 144 persons (age range 16–53 years; mean 27.2 years). The postoperative examination took place 2 years after impaction surgery and included both clinical and radiographic variables. Statistically significant (5% significance level) predictors of IBD found in stepwise multiple regression analyses were: (1) preoperative intrabony defect M2 distal; (2) age at the time of surgery; (3) size of contact‐area M3/M2; (4) root resorption M2 distal; (5) probing dept distal surface of adjacent first molar postoperatively; (6) pathological follicle M3. The regression model with IBD as regressand produced a totalR2of 0.45. When the regressand was the difference between IBD and the preoperative intrabony defect, the regression analysis explained 62% of the variance (R2=0.62). These regression models explained the variance in terms of the size of the remaining postoperative intrabony defect as well as in terms of periodontal healing after impacted lower third molar surg

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that in certain types of chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) functions are impaired. In view of the damage oxygen‐free radicals may cause to the periodontal tissues, the present study focussed on superoxide (SO) formation and luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) by peripheral PMN cells in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients (RPP). PMN cell preparations were stimulated by either opsonized bacteria or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The results indicate that PMN cells from RPP patients, stimulated by opsonized bacteria, have significantly enhanced SO formation and LDCL response as compared to healthy subjects. The hyperactivity was cell‐associated. In the presence of PMA, no significant differences were detected between the groups. The results suggest that PMN cells from RPP patients are functionally activated, and produce elevated levels of oxygen radicals. These oxygen radicals may play a role in the pathogenesis o

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes the healing patterns of large circumferential periodontal defects in the beagle dog. Approximately 5 mm large periodontal defects were created around the mandibular premolars (P2, P3 and P4) in 13 animals. The root surfaces were then instrumented to remove all cementum and the wounds immediately closed by replacing and suturing the flaps just coronal to the cemento‐enamel junction. Block biopsies were harvested after 4 weeks. Most of the surgically denuded root surface healed with connective tissue repair. Cementum formation and regeneration of alveolar bone was limited and averaged approximately 30% and 20%, respectively, of the defect height. Almost all teeth exhibited root resorption. Ankylosis was observed in 1/3 of the teeth. There was no difference in the healing response between the 3 premolars or their buccal and lingual surfaces. The range of healing responses indicates that a biological potential exists which makes this model useful for testing the effect of various root and wound conditioners in (1) enhancing cementum formation on the root surface, (2) increasing regeneration of alveolar bone and (3) preventing aberrant healing events such as root resorption and ankylosis. Conversely, whether such agents may compromise wound healing and result in reduced connective tissue repair may concomitantly be teste

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies on periodontal repair to denuded root surfaces have suggested that initial clot adhesion to the root surface may be important for the nature of subsequent healing. To study this hypothesis, circumferential periodontal defects, approximately 5 mm in vertical dimensions, were surgically created and immediately treated around the mandibular premolars in 4 beagle dogs. Prior to wound closure, the root surfaces were treated with either the anticoagulant heparin or with saline. Tissue blocks were obtained at sacrifice 4 weeks after surgery. Histometric analysis showed that connective tissue repair to the root surface averaged 50% of the defect height for heparin‐treated teeth as compared to 95% for saline‐treated teeth. Junctional epithelium amounted to an average of 33% of the defect height in heparin‐treated teeth in contrast to 5% following saline treatment. It can be concluded that heparin treatment of the root surface compromises connective tissue repair, confirming clot adhesion as one prerequisite for connective tissue repair of periodontal de

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe short‐term response (3–4 months) to non‐surgical periodontal treatment, i.e., oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing, was determined in 34 diabetic and 45 control subjects. Measurements of probing pocket depth and gingival bleeding (%) were used for evaluation. No significant difference could be observed in the response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment between the diabetics and c

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY