摘要:

AbstractRecent evidence implicatesActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansin the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis. This paper reviews the morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics ofA. actinomycetemcomitans, evidence incriminating it as a periodontopathogen, its importance in human nonoral infections, and virulence factors which may be involved in the pathogenesis ofA. actinomycetemcomitansinfections.A. actinomycetemcomitansis a non‐motile, gram‐negative, capnophilic, fermentative coccobacillus which closely resembles severalHaemophilusspecies but which does not require X or V growth factors. The organism has been categorized into 10 biotypes based on the variable fermentation of dextrin, maltose, mannitol, and xylose and into 3 serotypes on the basis of heat stable, cell surface antigens.A. actinomycetemcomitansprimary human ecologic niche is the oral cavity. It is found in dental plaque, in periodontal pockets, and buccal mucosa in up to 36% of the normal population. The organism can apparently seed from these sites to cause severe infections throughout the human body such as brain abscesses and endocarditis.There is a large body of evidence which implicatesA. actinomycetemcomitansas an important microorganism in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis including: (1) an increased prevalence of the organism in almost all localized juvenile periodontitis patients and their families compared to other patient groups; (2) the observation that localized juvenile periodontitis patients exhibit elevated antibody levels toA actinomycetemcomitansin serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid; (3) the finding that localized juvenile periodontitis can be successfully treated by eliminatingA. actinomycetemcomitansfrom periodontal pockets; (4) histopathologic investigations showing thatA. actinomycetemcomitansinvades the gingival connective tissue in localized juvenile periodontitis lesions; (5) the demonstration of several pathogenic products fromA. actinomycetemcomitansincluding factors which may: (a) facilitate its adherence to mucosal surfaces such as capsular polysaccharides; (b) inhibit host defense mechanisms including leukotoxin, a polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis inhibiting factor, and a lymphocyte suppressing factor (c) cause tissue destruction such as lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, a bone resorption‐inducing toxin, acid and alkaline phosphatases, collagenase, a fibroblast inhibiting factor and an epitheliotoxin.AlthoughA. actinomycetemcomitansis an apparently important micro‐organism in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis, additional research is needed to pinpoint subjects at risk of contracting this disease, to develop means of preventing localized juvenile periodontitis, and to examine the role of this organism in other forms of periodontal

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that localized and generalized juvenile periodontitis is one disease entity, the localization of bone loss was measured from orthopantomograms of 88 patients with untreated juvenile periodontitis. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the age of the patient and the number of teeth with bone loss. Similarly, a correlation was found between the Gingival Bleeding Index scores, the age of the patient, and the number of affected teeth. It is concluded that juvenile periodontitis, known to be genetically controlled, is a disease entity which starts as a localized form with affected first molars and/or incisors and develops, if not treated, gradually to the generalized form of the same disease, which resembles the adult periodontitis.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study evaluates the applicability of delivering oral hygiene instruction to patients in general dental practice by means of self‐educational programs. Patients (55) seeking dental treatment in 3 general dental practices in Denmark were divided at random into aconventional professional instruction group (C)in which each individual received personal instruction by the dentist and aself‐instruction group (S), in which the patients were given self‐educational programs. In order to evaluate the effect of the 2 types of instruction, the presence or absence of dento‐gingival plaque and gingival bleeding by probing was recorded prior to the instruction and after 3 and 6 months. The patients of the self‐instruction group (S) answered a questionnaire about the treatment 1 week after they had received the self‐instruction program. An identical improvement in oral hygiene and gingival health was recorded in both treatment groups after 3 and 6 months. This finding indicates, that the self‐educational programs were as effective in changing the oral hygiene habits of the patients as was personal oral hygiene instruction by dental personnel. The answers of the patients to the post‐treatment questionnaire reflected a favorable attitude towards the use of self‐edu

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 2 separate studies, plaque was harvested (i) from 15 smokers and 15 non‐smokers after a 48 h period without oral hygiene, and (ii) from 15 smokers and 12 non‐smokers after a 48 h hygiene‐free period following complete plaque removal by toothbrushing. No significant association emerged between wet weight of accumulated plaque and cigarette smoking, in either study. In the second study, the mean plaque calcium concentration was raised in smokers compared with non‐smokers, and significantly raised in 7 heavy smokers relative to non‐smokers. In both instances, calcium concentration was significantly raised relative to (total) phosphorus concentration, which may indicate that the additional calcium was not in mineral deposits. These results may reflect an association between calcium concentration of plaque and tobacco co

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince 1975, about 3500 Vietnamese refugees have come to Norway. The purpose of the present study was to report on remaining teeth and periodontal conditions in a population of 200 adolescent and adult Vietnamese refugees.The mean number of remaining teeth ranged from 27.8 in the youngest age group to 24.6 in the oldest. This number of teeth is slightly lower than reported from Norwegian populations, but similar to other Asian populations.Almost all index teeth showed dental plaque, and subgingival calculus was observed in 9 of 10 teeth after the age of 20. Gingival bleeding was seen on all index sites of 26.5% of the subjects and all subjects above the age of 40 had gingivitis adjacent to one or more index teeth.There was a progression of probeable pocket depths with increasing age. In the oldest age group, 72.7% had pockets between 3.5 mm and 5.5 mm.The data indicated that if optimal gingival conditions should be obtained, substantial resources would be required. In populations with limited resources and with relatively few subjects with severe periodontal breakdown, it is suggested that an identification of subjects “at risk” to be dentally handicapped through loss of teeth, should be a prior

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation was undertaken to examine whether a new connective tissue attachment will form on previously periodontitis‐involved roots when a reduced but healthy periodontal ligament tissue persists following periodontal treatment and the epithelium is prevented from migrating into the wound.In each of 4 monkeys, periodontal tissue breakdown was induced around one maxillary and one mandibular second premolar or first molar by placing orthodontic elastics around the teeth. The elastics were keptin situuntil about 50% of the supporting tissues had been lost. 3 months following removal of the elastics, the crowns of the teeth were resected. The pocket epithelium and subjacent granulation tissue were excised and the cementum of the periodontitis‐involved part of the roots was removed using a diamond bur. The roots were covered with a mucosal flap. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months of healing. The jaws were removed and histological sections of the experimental roots including their surrounding periodontal tissues were produced.The microscopic analysis disclosed that in all roots, new cementum with inserting collagen fibers had formed in the apical portion of the previously exposed root surfaces. It was always in continuity with the original cementum layer apical to the instrumented part of the root and was thickest in its apical portion, becoming gradually thinner in the coronal direction. In the roots, which for the entire length of the study remained covered by the oral mucosa, the extension in the coronal direction of this newly formed fibrous attachment amounted to an average of 1.0 mm with a range from 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm. These findings were interpreted to meanthat new attachment in formed by coronal migration of cells originating from the periodontal ligam

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of development of experimentally‐induced gingival inflammation in relation to the susceptibility to periodontal disease. By selection according to age, a younger (25–39 years) and an older (45–54 years) age group, with a comparable reduced but healthy periodontium, was selected. This equal amount of periodontal breakdown may suggest that the younger age group represented individuals with a relatively higher degree of susceptibility to periodontal disease. At the start of the experiment, each patient was instructed to abstain from oral hygiene procedures in 1 quadrant of the mouth for a period of 18 days. Results showed that all subjects developed signs of gingival inflammation. Regarding the development of redness and swelling, no differences could be assessed between the 2 age groups. However, analysis of the bleeding scores revealed that bleeding on probing developed more rapidly in the younger age group. It was concluded that those patients who have suffered from a more rapid form of periodontal disease also develop inflammation, in terms of bleeding on probing, more ra

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe are introducing a new surgical technique which enables us to cover gingival recessions and extend the gingiva with a one‐step procedure. This method can be described generally as a combination of a coronally repositioned flap and a modified vestibulum plastic. So far this method has been applied to 55 teeth of 19 different patients. The results have been observed for 2 years. After this time, 54.5% (30 teeth) still had complete coverage of the previously denuded root surfaces. The results show that it is possible to cover gingival recessions without increasing the zone of keratinized gingiv

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY