摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a collagen gel matrix as a submembranous space‐maintaining material was evaluated in guided tissue regeneration procedures. In 4 dogs, contralateral surgical circular fenestration defects, 5 mm in diameter, were produced at the midbuccal aspect of the alveolar bone in 8 maxillary canines. Removal of bone, PDL and cementum was complete. Experimental sites were filled with collagen gel and covered with collagen membranes; control sites were covered with collagen membranes and the underlying space was spontaneously filled with blood. Mucogingival flaps were repositioned. Histological and histomorphometric observations, 6 weeks post‐surgery, indicated that defects covered by collagen membranes presented the most impressive regeneration with almost complete coverage of the denuded root by new cementum (98.4%) and new bone (63.2%). In the experimental defects. 83.5% coverage of new cementum with only 21.9% new bone regeneration was observed. These results suggest that collagen gel. interfered with healing by PDL and bone‐derived cells in the submembranous

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate to what extent mouthrinses containing triclosan and chlorhexidine may modify the amount of de novo plaque that forms on tooth surfaces adjacent to healthy and inflamed gingival units. 10 volunteers were recruited. On day 0, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained at predetermined sites and gingivitis (GI) was assessed. A careful oral profylaxis was given to each of the volunteers who subsequently abstained from all mechanical plaque control measures for the following 18 days. During the first 4 days (rinse phase I), they rinsed with either 0.12% chlorhexidine. 0.06% triclosan or placebo solution. Clinical examinations (GCF, GI) were repeated and the amount of plaque formed determined on days 4, 7 and 14. On day 14, the participants received a new professional tooth cleaning after which rinse phase II was initiated. During this 2nd phase, the participants rinsed for 4 days with the same mouthwash preparation and in the same manner as during rinse phase I. The examinations were repeated on day 18. Each participant received a comprehensive oral prophylaxisis and was instructed to perform meticulous mechanical plaque control during the following 4 weeks. A 2nd experimental period was then initiated. A total of 3 experimental periods were repeated until all subjects had rinsed with the 3 different mouthwash preparations. The results demonstrated (i) that significantly more plaque formed at sites with gingivitis than at surfaces adjacent to healthy gingival units and (ii) pre‐existing gingivitis significantly increased the amount of de novo plaque that formed in subjects who rinsed with mouthwash preparations containing chlorhexidine and triclosa

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare cementum surfaces after etching at neutral or low pH in both healthy monkey teeth and periodontitis‐affected human teeth. 16 monkey teeth and 16 human periodontitis‐affected teeth were used. Etching with phosphoric and citric acids as well as EDTA was performed on the following surfaces: healthy monkey cementum, human cementum surfaces coronal and apical to the level of periodontal breakdown as well as exposed human dentin surfaces. Results indicate a profoundly higher capacity of EDTA to selectively expose collagen fibers in both healthy cementum surfaces and periodontitis‐affected dentin surfaces compared to agents operating at low pH which seemed to erode the surfaces to varying degrees. Variable results were seen on cementum surfaces which had been exposed to the environment of the periodontal pocket or the oral cavity. In view of this, it would seem preferable to mechanically remove the superficial layer of “diseased” cementum prior to the etching procedure. In conventional periodontal surgery, etching may be of limited value. However, in regenerative procedures, exposure of an intact collagenous matrix provides a matrix for retention of implants of biologically active substances such as growth factors, in addition to serving as a biocompatible surface for periodontal ligament cell col

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChlorhexidine is a well‐established agent used for the control of supragingival plaque but is not without disadvantages, such as tooth staining, which limits its clinical applications to short‐term use. This clinical trial studied the clinical effectiveness and stain‐forming potential of chlorhexidine in a chewing gum base. Subjects (151) were screened for baseline plaque and gingival indices before receiving a dental prophylaxis and randomized into 3 treatment groups: group 1 chewed 2 pieces of chlorhexidine diacetate gum for 10 min 2× a day (total daily chlorhexidine=20 mg). group 2 chewed 2 pieces of placebo gum for 10 min 2× a day and group 3 rinsed with 10 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for 1 min 2× per day (total daily chlorhexidine=40 mg). Plaque, gingivitis and stain evaluations were made at 4 and 8 weeks. Plaque and bleeding scores were significantly lower at 4 and 8 weeks in the chlorhexidine gum group compared to the placebo gum group and similar at 8 weeks to the rinse group. Stain intensity at week 8 was significantly less for the chlorhexidine gum than rinse. The staining measured by extent was also Jess with the chlorhexidine gum than the rinse, but the difference was not significant at week 4. At week 8, stain extent was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine gum group than chlorhexidine rinse. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that this chlorhexidine chewing gum used with normal tooth cleaning provides similar adjunctive benefits to oral hygiene and gingival health as a 0.2% chlorhexidi

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the topical application of a metronidazole 25% dental gel with subgingival scaling. 30 patients from the recall program participated in this open randomised study with split‐mouth design. Pocket probing depths (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured before and 2, 12 and 24 weeks after the end of the treatment period. In addition, subgingival plaque samples were taken from all mesial sites and analysed with dark‐field microscopy. All patients had at least 1 tooth in each quadrant with a PPD of 5 mm or more that should bleeding on probing, when entering the study. The treatment consisted of 2 applications of the dental gel in 2 randomly selected quadrants (on days 0 and 7) as well as simultaneous subgingival scaling of the remaining quadrants. Oral hygiene instruction was given on day 21. The average PPD and the average frequency of BOP were calculated for all sites with an inital PPD of 5 mm or more and continued at each examination, using the same sites. The statistical analyses showed that both treatments were effective in reducing PPD and BOP over the 6‐month period. At the end of the follow‐up period, the mean reduction in PPD was 1.3 mm after gel treatment and 1.5 mm after subgingival scaling. BOP was reduced by 35% and 42%, respectively. No significant differences between the 2 treatments were detected. Dark‐field microscopy showed a shift towards a more healthy microflora for both treatment modalities; this persisted throughout the 6‐month period. Application of a 25% metronidazole dental gel on recall patients seems to be as effective on the investigated clinical and microbiological parameters as subgingi

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study was designed to find out whether oral elastase activity could be used as a simple biochemical indicator of periodontal health. Both stimulated whole saliva and water rinse samples were collected from subjects with different degrees of adult periodontitis. gingivitis or healthy periodontium. In both sample types, elastase was mostly bound to insoluble fraction and preferred valine containing synthetic substrate, similar to neutrophil elastase. The elastase measurement required very little manipulation or time and its reproducibility was found to be good. The elastase levels were found to be negligible in edentulous subjects and usually very low in subjects with healthy periodontium. In about 85% of periodontitis cases having at least 1 deep periodomal pocket (≥6 mm), clearly elevated elastases levels were detected in both the saliva and rinse samples. In advanced periodontitis cases, the colour reaction took place in 0.5 to 2 h. In localized periodontitis cases. 2‐ to 18‐h incubations were required for positive reaction. There was a good correlation between the elastase activity and the number of deep periodontal pockets and the average community periodontal index of the subjects. Elastase activity was not a good indicator of gingivitis. About 45% of gingivitis cases were positive with the elastase test, and the enzyme values were not significantly increased in experimental gingivitis. In a longitudinal study on advanced periodontitis cases, elastase levels dropped dramatically as a result of clinically successful therapy, close to the values of healthy subjects. The oral elastase test could serve as a valuable adjunct in periodomal screening and assessment of treatment eff

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe release of free oxygen radicals and degranulation was studied in neutrophils from 14 patients with adult periodontitis and 14 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The neutrophils were activated by Fcγ‐receptor stimulation, usingStaphylococcus aureusopsonized with gamma globulin. Release of oxygen radicals was measured as luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence. Degranulation was assessed as release of elastase, measured with a specific substrate and as release of lactoferrin measured with ELISA. The neutrophils from the patients showed a significantly higher chemiluminescence and a slightly higher release of elastase, whereas the release of lactoferrin was the same in both groups. In contrast, the ratio between the 2 degranulation products, elastase and lactoferrin, was significantly higher in the group with periodontitis. A flow cytometric analysis of the membrane expression of the adhesion molecules CD 11a, CD 11b, CD 15, CD 16, CD 35 and Mel 14 showed no differences in the median immunofluorescence between the 2 groups. This study showed a more than 2‐fold higher release of free oxygen radicals from Fcγ‐receptor stimulated neutrophils compared with healthy controls, which indicates a specific neutrophil‐associated host response in adul

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive toothbrush wear on plaque control. At baseline (week 0). each of 20 subjects was given a new toothbrush which they used for the 9‐week period of the study. At weeks 0, 3 and 6, all plaque was professionally removed. The amount of plaque which accumulated in each of the 3 successive 3‐week experimental periods was assessed at weeks 3, 6 and 9. Toothbrush wear was evaluated by measuring the increase in the brushing surface area of toothbrushes at weeks 3, 6 and 9 as compared with week 0. The brushing surface area was measured by computer analysis of tracings of the brushing surface outlines obtained from standardized photographs. Despite progressive toothbrush wear, the amount of plaque which accumulated in each successive 3‐week period decreased. The decrease in plaque scores between weeks 3 and 6 and between weeks 3 and 9 were found to be highly significant (p<0.001). Toothbrush wear varied widely amongst the subjects. When plaque scores were evaluated for the 10 subjects with highest toothbrush wear and the 10 with lowest wear, no significant differences were found between the 2 subgroups. Under the experimental conditions of this study, progressive toothbrush wear did not lead lo a decrease in plaque control. The improvement in plaque scores may have been due lo motivational effects resulting from study participation and anticipation of oral examinations. It was concluded that the wear status of a toothbrush may not be critical in ensuring optimal plaque co

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether an etching agent operating at neutral pH (EDTA) can enhance healing compared to a low pH etching agent (citric acid) in an animal model. Maxillary molars and premolars. in total 32 teeth, in 4 monkeys were divided between test (EDTA or citric acid treatment) and matched control groups. Periodontal surgery on both palatal and buccal roots using the dehiscence model was performed with or without root surface etching. Healing results were evaluated histomorphometrically after 8 weeks. The statistically significant differences between EDTA treated surfaces (n= 15) and control surfaces (n=11) were approximately 10% less failure (gingival recession and periodontal pocket), 10 to 15% more total histological attachment (long epithelial junction, connective tissue and reparative cementum), approximately 20% less long epithelial junction and approximately 20% more connective tissue in roots etched with EDTA. The statistically significant differences between citric‐acid‐treated surfaces (n=14) and control surfaces (n=11) were approximately 10% more connective tissue and 15% less long epithelial junction in the citric acid etched roots. Thus, etching with EDTA appeared to improve healing, avoiding the superficial necrotizing effect on exposed periodontal tissues by citric acid documented in previous studies. Although etching at present is not routinely‐applied in conventional periodontal therapy, future potential applications of etching at neutral pH may include exposure of the collagenous matrix of dentin for retention of biologically active substances, such as growth factors. Such treatment may be argued to produce a biocompatible surface more conducive to periodontal membrane cell colonization after removal of root‐surface‐associated smear without compromising the vitality of the surrounding per

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndices used to evaluate periodontal health have been widely accepted in epidemiological studies, yet their reliability cannot be guaranteed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of periodontal indices applied on elders. 19 elderly subjects, 73‐years‐old on average, were examined at a 1st appointment by 2 independent examiners. They were re‐examined 2 weeks later during a 2nd session. The examinations were performed in a dental chair with good illumination. Periodontal health was evaluated using the community periodontal index of treatment need, and tooth mobility was evaluated using 2 different indices. Inter‐ and infra‐examiner agreements were evaluated using k statistics. Taken as an overall measurement, the CPITN was a reliable assessment of periodontal treatment need in elders. Disagreement occurred mainly on the evaluation of bleeding and shallow pockets. The detection of fairly mobile teeth was reliable: however, the performance of the more sensitive scale was deceptive. It seems that, in the case of tooth mobility, a choice has to be made between sensitivity or reproducibility. It can be concluded that examiners should be trained carefully since the reliability of the CPITN and tooth mobility evaluation were good but close to a critical level for which an agreement is classifie

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY