摘要:

AbstractThe CPITN is used widely in estimating periodontal treatment needs and, in many cases also to make generalizations about periodontal disease. It is therefore imperative that the heirarchical scoring method used to allocate CPITN scores is validated, and that the presentation of CPITN data reflect the true distribution of periodontal conditions. Data from one study carried out in Melbourne, Australia and one in Jakarta, Indonesia were used to compare CPITN scores on a mouth, sextant and tooth basis. Clinical periodontal components were compared with CPITN scores to establish the validity of the CPITN hierarchical scoring method. The distributions of CPITN scores varied widely on a mouth, sextant and tooth basis, and CPITN scores frequently differed from those indicated by the periodontal components. It was concluded that CPITN data should be presented not only as the % of subjects with each score, but also as the % of sextants, and. if possible, the % of tooth sites with each CPITN score. It was also concluded that there is an advantage in measuring components (calculus and bleeding) as well as CPITN in order to limit the overestimation of treatment needs, particularly for anterior teeth.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of 7770 schoolchildren, aged 14–15 years, from 131 secondary schools in England, was made in 1990 to obtain information about toothbrushing frequency, motivation for mouth care, frequency of dental visits, self‐esteem and health locus of control (HLOC). The aim of the study was to compare self‐esteem and HLOC as predictors of dental health behaviour. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class during normal school hours. The results showed significant associations (Z2test) between the 3 dental variables and self‐esteem, in both sexes. Toothbrushing frequency and the proportions of subjects brushing to make their teeth feel clean increased with increasing self‐esteem; recent and distant visits to the dentist were associated with low self‐esteem. Only toothbrushing frequency showed any significant variation with HLOC. In males, this association showed more frequent toothbrushing with more internal HLOC, but in females, no consistent pattern emerged. HLOC scores showed markedly less correlation (Spearman) with frequencies of toothbrushing and dental visits compared with self‐esteem scores. Significant positive correlations were observed between toothbrushing frequency and self‐esteem in both sexes, and frequency of dental vigils in males, but not in females. HLOC showed a significant positive correlation only with toothbrushing frequency in males. The correlation between toothbrushing frequency and self‐esteem was significantly greater than that between brushing frequency and HLOC, in both sexes. The results suggest that self‐esteem, which is a general construct, may have more potential for predicting dental health behaviour than the more specific health

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether the use of a pre‐brushing mouthwash Plax ‐ reduced extrinsic tooth stainingin vivoandin vitro.Firstly, in a double‐blind placebo controlled cross‐over study, 20 subjects with tooth staining used Plax® or a placebo for 14‐day periods separated by a 1‐month wash‐out period. The area of stain was assessed before and after each mouthwash had been used from clinical photographs. Secondly, extracted 3rd molar teeth were stained with tea and chlorhexidine. After exposure to either Plax® or placebo, the teeth were brushed in a standardized manner. The area and intensity of stain were assessed before and after rinsing and brushing. Results of the studyin vivoshowed that the mean % stained area for any of the surfaces studied changed very little throughout the study. No statistically significant changes were detected (Studentt‐test,p>0.05). Results of the studyin vitroshowed that the mean area of stain fell by 19% after exposure to Plax® and by 17% after exposure to placebo. No statistically significant changes were detected (Studentt‐test,p>0.05). There were also no significant changes in intensity (Wilcoxon signed

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGranulocyte elastase activity and α‐2‐macroglobulin (α‐2‐MG) were studied in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 3 categories of sites in 6 patients with gingivitis and 6 patients with periodontitis. 6 inflamed sites in each gingivitis patient were sampled on paper strips and 12 sites, 6 with and 6 without attachment loss and periodontal pockets, were selected in each periodontitis patient. To avoid the influence of increase GCF volume from deep pockets, the elastase activity and the α‐2‐MG were calculated per μl of GCF. The proteolytic activity of elastase was measured with a low molecular weight substrate and the antiprotease, α‐2‐MG, with ELISA. The measured activity could be ascribed to elastase that had been released into the gingival tissues and into the GCF prior to sampling. In the periodontitis patients, the sites with tissue destruction had a significantly higher elastase activity per site and per μl GCF and a significantly lower α‐2‐MG per μl than the 2 other categories of sites without tissue destruction. The destructive inflammation seems to be associated with increased release of elastase, either from more numerous or from more active granulocytes and with an increased proteolytic consumption of the inhibitor accompanied by the fast elimination of the protease‐inhibitor‐complex. In conclusion, the study shows a strong relationship between elastase activity and tissue destruction, a finding that supports the pathogenic theory of an involvement of granulocytes and their proteolytic enzymes in the mecha

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMenopause and oophorectomy without estrogen therapy (ED) have been associated with increased production of bone‐active cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The current study extended evaluation to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL–6 in such subjects compared to premenopausal and postmenopausal estrogen‐treated females (ES). 13 ED and 13 ES Caucasians with a history of moderate‐severe adult periodontitis provided GCF from 1–3 clinically identical sites each (5–6 mm probing depth, 5–7 mm clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing). 30 s GCF samples were obtained and evaluated for IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels using two‐site enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The frequency of GCF IL‐1β‐positive subjects was elevated in ED versus ES (92% versus 23%;p<0.0004, X2; analysis). IL‐6 was detected more frequently in ED subjects (23% versus 8%; not significant); however, the frequency of IL‐6 detection was low in both groups due to short sampling times. These data support the concept that clinical conditions causing low estrogen environments allow increased local production of the bone‐ac

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to characterize the eventual presence and molecular forms of gelatinase/type IV collagenase activities in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva in different forms of periodontitis: patients with clinically healthy periodontiura served as controls. Enzyme activities were monitored electrophoretically by zymography using gelatin and type IV collagen as substrates and analyzed visually and/or densitometrically. Both saliva and GCF collected from adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodontitis and type II diabetes mellitus periodontitis patients contained species moving identically with gelatinase isolated from human neutrophils or MMP‐9 (mean 98 kD), and species with mobility similar to gelatinase in fibroblast cell culture supernatants or MMP‐2 (mean 76 kD). Hitherto, undescribed high molecular weight forms (mean 128 kD), were found, possibly representing polymerized or complexed enzyme active/activated in situ in the gel matrix. Small molecular forms of gelatinases (mean 51 kD and 46 kD), unable to cleave type IV collagen, were also found, most likely representing in vivo proteolytically activated, truncated enzymes. Although multiple forms of gelatinases/type IV collagenases in saliva and GCF may take part in the tissue destruction in periodontitis, their profile judged according to molecular weights does not differentiate between different forms of periodonti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a degradable controlled release system containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on plaque accumulation and gingivitis was evaluated when applied on the anterior teeth of volunteers (16–17 years) over 4 weeks. At baseline, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) of the Ramfjord teeth were measured in the experimental and placebo groups, including 23 and 21 participants respectively. Following scaling and root planning, the participants were instructed to brush, using one brush stroke, the film‐forming solution on the buccal surface of the maxillary and maudibular incisors, 1 × a day before bedtime. The applied active solution contained 9 mg of CPC (approximately 80 mg of 11% CPC solution), while the placebo solution was identical in formation, but without, the active agent. After 4 weeks, in the CPC‐applied group, the recorded PI scores were 0.52 (±0.56) in the anterior area and 1.31 (±0.80) in the posterior area, whereas the corresponding areas in the placebo group reached 1.25 (±0.74) and 1.51 (±1.00), respectively. The P)=0 frequency in the buccal anterior surfaces after 4 weeks was 54.6% (±38.7%) in the experimental group as compared with 21.9% (±29.0%) in the placebo group (p = 0.005). In contrast to the anterior teeth, there was no significant difference between groups with respect to the PI scores in the non‐applied posterior teeth. It may be postulated that the impressive 58% inhibition of plaque accumulation at the site of application is the result of an increase of the substantivity of the CPC due to its incorporation in the film–forming degradable controlle

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of the Nd:YAG laser either alone or in combination with root planning or air‐powder abrasive treatment on fibroblast attachment to non‐diseased root surfaces. 28. 4x4 mm root specimens and four disc‐shaped root specimens 6 mm in diameter were obtained from unreputed 3rd molars. The root segments were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: (1) control: (2) laser‐only treated: (3) laser treated followed by root planning; (4) laser treated followed by air‐powder abrasive treatment. Laser‐treated root specimens were exposed for 1 min with the Nd:YAG laser calibrated at an energy setting of 75 mJ at 20 pulses/s using a 320 μm contact fiber. The contact fiber was held parallel to the root segments and the root segments were kept moist with distilled water. Following the prescribed treatments, the root specimens were incubated with fibroblast cultures and then prepared for SEM examination. Results of cell counts of fibroblasts attached to specimens within each treatment group yielded the following means and standard deviations: control groups. 181.64 ± 44.74; lased only, 78.57 ± 21.35; lased and root planed 125.35 ± 26.13: and lased followed by an air‐powder abrasive, 177.28 ± 55.71. Application of ANOVA followed by the Dunn Multiple Comparison test revealed significant differences (p<0.01) in the number of attached cells between the control and laser‐only treated groups: and between the laser‐only and laser/air‐powder abrasive treated groups. The decreased fibroblast attachment observed in the laser‐only treated group suggests a laser‐induced bio in compatibility of the root surface. Several surface alterations including ablation of cementum with exposure of dentinal tubules and crater formation were observed. Increased numbers of fibroblasts were seen attached to the lased root segments after root planning or after exposure to an air‐powder abrasive, indicating that the laser‐induced bioincompatibility is reversible and most likely a surface phenomena. A pilot study using pholoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed reductions in the intensity of the Amide II band between 1500–1550 cm‐1, suggesting the laser exposure denatures surface protein which, in turn, may contribute to

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe importance of antioxidants in inflammatory tissues has been studied in vivo. Degradation of homologous3H‐collagen powder by experimental granulation tissue induced by cellulose sponges in the rat was monitored as the radioactivity excreted in urine. By administering pharmacological doses of both vitamin E and selenium subcutaneously and by injection into sponges implanted subcutaneously, this breakdown of collagen was reduced. Injections in the sponges also arrested the maturation of the granulation tissue. Vitamin E and selenium are potential inhibitors of the free oxygen radicals from phagocytic inflammatory cells. It is therefore suggested that these radicals may play a role in the collagen destruction by granulation tissues, as in periodontiti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated subgingival oxygen irrigations in previously untreated deep periodontal pockets. 112 pockets ≥4 mm were selected in 14 subjects. Probing attachment level and bleeding on probing were recorded, as well as the presence of disease‐associated microorganisms within the pocket. Subsequently, the pockets were irrigated with gaseous oxygen 1 × a week during a continuous 8‐week period. Irrigations with nitrogen served as control. The re‐evaluation of all clinical and microbiological parameters at the end of study revealed that repeated oxygen insufflations resulted in a significant clinical improvement of the periodontal baseline conditions superior to the one found in the

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY