摘要:

AbstractThis review presents evidence for lysosomal enzymes being at least partly responsible for the tissue destruction seen in periodontal disease. However, many other inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms have been identified that can contribute to tissue destruction (Nisengard 1977).The relationship of PMN to the periodontal tissues is equivalent to the proverbial double‐edged sword. The localized tissue destruction that may be due to the extracellular release of PMN enzymes in individuals with normal cell function must be weighed against the role of PMN in containment of gingival bacteria and their products. The consequences of qualitative and/or quantitative abnormalities of neutrophils are far more undesirable for the periodontium. It therefore seems logical to propose that the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the gingival tissues is primarily a defensive one.The presence of neutrophils in the gingival crevice has been shown to reflect the inflammatory condition of the tissues. Due to their availability it may prove beneficial to use gingival crevicular PMN activity as a reliable clinical index of disease activity. The development of appropriate tests to measure PMN may eventually lead to better diagnostic criteria, including the definition of active versus inactive diseas

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study has confirmed the presence on the root surface of teeth affected by chronic periodontitis of a zoned organic integument analogous to that on enamel. Measurements showed a highly significant correlation between the levels of the bounding structures of this zone, that is, the apical plaque border and the coronal border of residual periodontal ligament, for both shallow and deep pockets. The middle zone between these two was on average 1 mm wide.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe most common forms of destructive periodontal disease have been thought to slowly and continuously progress until treatment or tooth loss. Recently, data have become available which are inconsistent with this “continuous disease” hypothesis. Data from longitudinal monitoring of periodontal attachment levels and alveolar bone in humans and in animals suggest that periodontal disease progresses by recurrent acute episodes. In addition, rates of attachment loss have been measured in individual sites which are faster than those consistent with the continuous disease hypothesis or slower than those expected from estimates of prior loss rates. To account for these observations, a model of destructive periodontal disease is described in which bursts of activity occur for short periods of time in individual sites. These bursts appear to occur randomly at periodontal sites throughout the mouth. Some sites demonstrate a brief active burst of destructive periodontal disease (which could take a few days to a few months) before going into a period of remission. Other sites appear to be free of destructive periodontal disease throughout the individual's life. The sites which demonstrate destructive periodontal activity may show no further activity or could be subject to one or more bursts of activity at later time periods. Comparison of monitored loss rates for a year with mean loss rates prior to monitoring suggested that there may be relatively short periods in an individual's life in which many sites undergo periodontal destruction followed by periods of extended remission. An extension of the random disease model is also suggested in which bursts of destructive periodontal disease activity occur with higher frequency during certain periods of an individual's l

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was designed to examine if alveolar bone, located adjacent to a root surface deprived of its periodontal ligament and cementum layer, can stimulate the reformation of a connective tissue attachment. The maxillary and mandibular incisors in 3 monkeys were extracted. Immediately after tooth extraction, the buccal root surfaces of the incisors from the left side of the jaws were planed by means of curettes to a level corresponding to half the root length. All teeth were then reimplanted into their original sockets. However, before tooth reimplantation, the buccal alveolar bone plate was removed in 2 of the monkeys to a level corresponding to half the depth of the sockets. The animals were sacrificed 6 months after the reimplantation procedure. The jaws were removed and histological sections of the experimental teeth and adjacent periodontal tissues were produced. The sections were analyzed in the microscope and subjected to histometric measurements.The results demonstrated that, irrespective of the presence or absence of alveolar bone, a fibrous reattachment failed to form on that part of the reimplanted teeth which had been deprived of their periodontal ligament. This indicates that alveolar bone located adjacent to a root surface may have limited influence on the biological conditions which determine whether periodontal healing results in connective tissue reattachment or new attachment.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to examine whether (1) the process of resorption, which invariably affects periodontitis involved reimplanted roots facing bone or gingival connective tissue during healing, is a transient phenomenon and, (2) root resorption can be prevented by permitting downgrowth of epithelium along the root surface. A total of 24 teeth in 2 monkeys (Macaca cynomolgus) was subjected to experimental periodontal tissue breakdown by the placement of elastic ligatures around the teeth. The ligatures were leftin situuntil about 50% of the supporting tissues had been lost. Following removal of the ligatures, the teeth were extracted and the denuded portions of the roots were scaled and planed. The crowns of the teeth were resected and the root canals filled with guttapercha. The roots were subsequently implanted into sockets prepared in the jaw bone in such a way that each root was embedded in bone except for a portion which was in contact with gingival connective tissue. 1 month prior to sacrifice of the animals, the cut surface of the coronal part of the roots was exposed by removal of the covering soft tissue. The epithelium was thereby allowed to migrate into the wound. Implantation of the roots was scheduled to provide healing periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks before exposure of the roots.The histologic examination of the implant specimens disclosed that replacement resorption was a progressive process which eventually resulted in the elimination of the transplanted roots. It was possible to prevent root resorption in this model by permitting apical downgrowth of epithelium along the root surface during the initial phase of healing. The results are discussed in relation to procedures used in periodontal therapy.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA double blind between subject comparison of the effect of metronidazole and placebo tablets was completed over 22 weeks in 45 subjects with chronic periodontal disease ranging in severity from moderate (PI = 2.0–3.9) to high (PI = 4.0–6.0). All subjects used a topically applied chlorhexidine gel for the first 10 weeks. Throughout the trial plaque, bleeding and calculus were assessed on the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces of teeth 16, 21, 24, 36, 41 and 44 and their supporting tissues. The pocket depths on the same 4 aspects of all teeth present were measured.The regime employed consisted of oral hygiene instruction (OHI) at the initial visit followed by scaling and further OHI at visits 1 and 2 weeks later. After the third visit 16×200 mg metronidazole or placebo tablets were issued with instructions to take 1 that evening and 3 per day at 5‐h intervals for the next 5 days. 4 weeks later, scaling and OHI were carried out and the course of test or placebo tablets was repeated. The subjects returned for further scaling and OHI 4 weeks later and the chlorhexidine gel was withdrawn. Final assessments were made 12 weeks later.The results showed that metronidazole had no effect on plaque levels and gingival bleeding beyond the effect of OHI, scaling and chlorhexidine gel. On the other hand, significantly greater reductions in pocket depths were achieved with the use of metronidazole. A surprising and interesting finding was that these reductions were apparent only in the subjects with severe periodontal disease (PI = 4.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHealing events following nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontal pockets up to 12 mm deep were investigated. Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 16 patients were treated by plaque control and supra‐ and subgingival debridement using hand or ultrasonic instruments in a split mouth approach. The results were evaluated by recording of plaque scores, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels. Minimal change in gingival conditions occurred during the initial 3 months of experimentation, which were utilized for plaque control measures alone. Subsequent to instrumentation and during the following 9‐month period, a gradual and marked improvement of periodontal conditions took place. During the remaining 12 months of the 24‐month experimental period no further changes of the recorded parameters were noted. No differences in results could be observed when comparing hand versus ultrasonic instrumentation, or when comparing the results of 2 different operators. Initially, a total of 305 sites demonstrated probing pocket depths 7 mm. At the 24‐month examination 43 such sites remained. The results indicate that there is no certain magnitude of initial probing pocket depth where nonsurgical periodontal therapy is no longer ef

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY