摘要:

Substance abuse and affective disorders involve overlapping symptom complexes. The author suggests that the neurobiologies of these conditions could be related and presents a model useful in studying the pharmacologies of some of the drugs of abuse and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. This model may bridge two disciplines and render them mutually useful.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Buspirone is a new antianxiety compound of a totally new type which may avoid the dependence problems of its predecessors. This study was designed to evaluate any possible cross-tolerance to the benzodiazepines. Twenty-four outpatients on long-term therapeutic dose benzodiazepine treatment, who wished to discontinue treatment, were allocated randomly to placebo substitution or buspirone substitution and then withdrawal over a total of 10 weeks. Assessments were made at weekly intervals. Of the 24 patients entered into the trial, 13 received buspirone and 11 placebo. Only five of the buspirone and six of the placebo patients successfully completed withdrawal. Some anxiolytic action of buspirone was detected, but it was insufficient to materially assist the withdrawal. No evidence was found that buspirone was cross-tolerant to the benzodiazepines. It was concluded that buspirone does not help benzodiazepine withdrawal and does not suppress benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sodium valproate has been reported to be effective in the treatment of recurrent major affective and schizoaffective disorders. The records of 36 consecutive patients with various psychiatric diagnoses, who received valproate at our center, were retrospectively reviewed. None of these patients displayed a diagnosable neurologic disorder or paroxysmal EEG activity. Sixteen (44%) of the 36 patients experienced a moderate to marked response to valproate. The diagnoses of bipolar or schizoaffective disorder and the presence of non-paroxysmal EEG abnormalities both predicted a favorable response. The authors conclude that valproate deserves further study as a possible treatment for major affective disorder.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The studies of relationship between haloperidol plasma levels and clinical response in schizophrenia have yielded variable results. A therapeutic window for haloperidol may exist, but the evidence for it is inconsistent. Future studies of this problem using larger patient samples would permit the investigation of interactions between the clinical predictors and the haloperidol plasma levels in the determination of clinical outcome. Although the reduced haloperidol in plasma as well as the red blood cell levels of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol or ratios of the metabolite to parent compound may also be related to clinical outcome, the evidence for this relationship is very tentative. More research is needed before routine clinical monitoring of haloperidol blood levels can be recommended.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder were treated, after a single-blind placebo washout week, with the nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic gepirone in a 6-week open label trial. Mean Hamilton Anxiety scores improved from 24.8 to 7.1 (p< 0.01). Other physician- and patient-rated scales showed comparable improvement on a mean maximal dose of 41 mg of gepirone. The medication appeared to be nonsedating and well tolerated. The anxiolytic effect of the medication was very marked in several cases, and gepirone appears to have promise as an anxiolytic agent.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors report four patients with disabling obsessive thoughts who responded in dramatic fashion to antidepressant medication. None met criteria for major depression. This response is discussed in light of the current literature on obsessive-compulsive disorder.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eight consecutive cases of adults with the diagnosis of early infantile autism and who were treated with a betablocker are presented. Each had been on various and multiple drug, educational, and behavioral regimens to help control aggressive and self-abusive behavior. Most had been institutionalized from an early age, and a broad range of IQs and speech capacities are represented. Results show the betablockers to have a remarkable effect potentiating measurable diminution in previously intractable aggressive behavior and in many cases the decrease or withdrawal of their neuroleptic.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID