ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We studied sleep and daytime function in insomniac patients who took either flurazepam, 30 mg, triazolam, 0.5 mg, or placebo 30 minutes before bedtime. Subjects were 21 patients with either a primary or a secondary diagnosis of chronic psychophysiological insomnia or insomnia associated with personality disorder. Seven subjects were randomly assigned to each condition. The study used a three group by 9 week, double-blind design with three nocturnal sleep recordings each week. During week 1, subjects took no capsules; week 2, subjects took placebo; weeks 3 to 7, flurazepam, triazolam, or placebo; weeks 8 and 9, placebo. Daytime tests for alertness and performance were administered during weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8. Flurazepam showed hypnotic efficacy for weeks 3 to 5. Triazolam showed hypnotic activity for weeks 3 to 7. Although not significant overall, discontinuation of flurazepam produced rebound insomnia in six of seven subjects sometime during the two withdrawal weeks. The relationship between plasma concentration of desalkylflurazepam, the principal active metabolite of flurazepam, and sleep disturbance suggested that the onset of the rebound insomnia depended on the rate of drug washout. Discontinuation of triazzolam produced a significant rebound insomnia on the first and second nights of drug withdrawal. Placebo subjects showed improved sleep throughout weeks 2 to 9 of the study. Daytime testing revealed significantly decreased daytime alertness and decreased performance for flurazepam subjects during weeks 3 to 7, although these effects reverted toward baseline despite continued drug administration.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Impaired affect in recovering schizophrenic patients has been viewed as either an integral part of the disease, a postpsychotic depression, or, increasingly, as a pharmacogenically determined effect secondary to the use of antipsychotics. Two months following hospital discharge, operationally defined groups of “depressed” and “not depressed” drug-treated and nonrelapsed schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to chlorpromazine or placebo and followed for 4 months. Among depressed schizophrenic patients, there was no evidence that drug either contributes to the depression or that depressive signs are primarily extrapyramidal symptom phenomena (akinesia). Equal numbers of nondepressed patients on drug and placebo manifested a subsequent postpsychotic depression.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between subjective and objective effects of a benzodiazepine on the one hand, and the rate of increase of plasma concentration on the other. The pharmacokinetic variables of 10 normal volunteers were calculated following a single intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg of lorazepam, a benzodiazepine devoid of active metabolites. In six of the subjects rates of infusion could be calculated in order to achieve the same plasma concentration after 1 hour and 2 hours. In the main study, lorazepam was infused at two different rates on two separate occasions, with a third placebo infusion occasion. A balanced crossover design was used with single-blind procedures. Plasma concentrations, subjective ratings, quantified EEG recordings, and psychological performance tests were estimated before and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after the start of the infusions. The peak plasma concentrations achieved were the same at the end of the two drug infusions. EEG and some performance tests paralleled the plasma concentrations fairly closely, but subjective effects did not reach their maximum until the 3-hour point and were significantly greater after the 2-hour than after the 1-hour infusion.Drug doses, rate of penetration into the brain, and duration of exposure to the increasing concentrations of lorazepam seem more relevant factors for the time course and the intensity of the various initial effects of the drug than the rate of increase of plasma levels.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Some treatment-resistant schizophrenics will respond to rather large doses of thiothixene, such as 120 to 400 mg/day. These patients also show higher plasma concentrations (24 to 57 ng/ml) of the drug than those who respond less well. Patients tolerated this intensive treatment equally well as more conservative programs. Chronic refractory schizophrenics may benefit from such intensive treatment in the short term, but one cannot yet be certain about long-term effects.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Plasma tricyclic concentrations were assessed in 15 agoraphobic patients receiving combined imipramine and behavioral treatments. Imipramine but not N-desmethylimipramine plasma levels were found to significantly correlate with improvement. The results suggest that imipramine's effect in agoraphobia might be mediated predominantly through the serotonergic action of the parent drug. There was also suggestive evidence for differential antipanic and antiphobic-antidepressant effects. Implications for future studies of the mechanism of action of drug effects in agoraphobia are discussed.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The possible association between demographic and drug history variables and tardive dyskinesia was explored in patients hospitalized at a facility where computerized records giving complete and detailed information on drug use were available. The variables studied included age, sex, diagnosis, time since first neuroleptic intake, and frequency of drug-free episodes. In addition, total intake, number of treatment days, average daily dose, and current intake were assessed for all neuroleptics, high potency and low potency neuroleptics, and antiparkinsonian and antidepressant medication. There was no significant relationship between most of the variables under investigation and tardive dyskinesia. Only three variables appeared to be significant risk factors: increasing age, time since first neuroleptic intake, and frequency of drug-free episodes. The finding of a correlation between the frequency of drug-free episodes and tardive dyskinesia is of particular interest and may have implications for our approach to the use of drug holidays.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of rhabdomyolysis is described, with onset following three intramuscular injections of loxapine and one injection of benztropine over a 7-hour period. The possible additive effects of intramuscular drug administration and psychotic episode-associated increased muscle membrane permeability are discussed. Because of the risk of acute renal failure following rhabdomyolysis, monitoring of creatine phosphokinase levels and urine tests for myoglobin are recommended for patients who develop muscular discomfort, nausea, or confusion while receiving frequent intramuscular injections of neuroleptics.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A variety of immune phenomena have been associated with chlorpromazine. One such factor, the lupus-like anticoagulant, while nonspecific, has been reported in 26 to 75% of chronic chlorpromazine recipients, although the exact incidence is unknown and requires further investigation. Such patients may have an enhanced risk of bleeding profiles (hemophilia-like) or, conversely, thrombotic events. A case of such a lupus-like anticoagulant with a circulating inactivator of coagulation is discussed in light of the recent literature.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID