ISSN:1071-2089    

DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9861.1993.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comprehensive model was designed to predict risky, HIV‐related sex in women from a set of behavioral, interpersonal, and psychoattitudinal measures. Survey measures were administered to two university samples of 234 and 263 women. Three sets of dependent measures assessed Partner‐Related HIV Risk, Unprotected Vaginal Intercourse, and Anal Intercourse. There were three multifaceted sets of independent variables that involved 12 factors. The first set, behavioral risk, involved (a) Social Substance Use, (b) Hard Substance Use, (c) Foreplay Sexual Experience, and (d) Advanced Sexual Experience. The second set, interpersonal risk, examined (a) Victimization, (b) Anticipated Partner Reaction, (c) Birth Control Sexual Assertiveness, (d) Refusal Sexual Assertiveness, and (e) Initiation Sexual Assertiveness. The third set, psychoattitudinal risk, involved (a) Psychosocial Functioning, (b) Psychosexual Attitudes, and (c) Self‐Efficacy for AIDS Prevention. Substantial variance was explained using structural modeling methods, with the strongest prediction involving behavioral and interpersonal HIV risk factors. Psychoattitudinal factors were less central, although still important. The results supported and extended previous findings and suggested that the biggest HIV risk factors for women include: greater social substance use, greater sexual experience, anticipated or actual victimization, low assertiveness about requesting birth control, overly positive psychosocial attitudes, negative attitudes about sexuality, and less self‐efficacy about avoiding H

ISSN:1071-2089    

DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9861.1993.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and fifty‐three early stage, HIV‐infected military medical beneficiaries who were receiving zidovudine (AZT) completed a questionnaire designed to assess perceptions, expectations, and patterns of AZT use, as well as standard measures of mood states. Adherence to medical regimens, or continuing with recommended AZT therapy, was related to participants feeling that their decisions to begin AZT treatment were made without any perception of “undue pressure.” Adherence also was related to fewer and less severe side effects, less negative affect, and reports of more AZT‐related benefits. The implications of these findings for both medical and psychological interventions are

ISSN:1071-2089    

DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9861.1993.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the perceived causal structure of HIV infection. The respondents were 165 university undergraduates (61 males and 104 females). Multidimensional scaling analysis and network analysis (Knoke&Kuklinski, 1982; Lunt, 1991) were used, and the results indicated that the respondents were able to differentiate among a number of possible causes of HIV infection. Notably, it was found that the causes were viewed as being either distal or proximal and that three clusters of activity were regarded as being risky with respect to HIV infection. These were found to be differentially related to HIV infection, with several interconnections. The findings are discussed, and implications for safe sexual behaviors are noted.

ISSN:1071-2089    

DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9861.1993.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The significance of life stress, coping, and social support was examined in relation to depressive symptomatology in a sample of 160 asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic HIV‐antibody‐positive (HIV+) men. The participants (mean age = 32 years) were interviewed about the life stress that they had experienced in the previo

ISSN:1071-2089    

DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9861.1993.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of cocaine, stress, and the combination of cocaine and stress on proliferative responses to mitogens in vitro were examined in rats. In this paradigm, hypothalamic dopamine and norepinephrine were measured to examine whether catecholamine levels relate to changes in immune function. Cocaine, stress, and cocaine plus stress decreased cellular immune function to Con A mitogen compared with a control group. Hypothalamic dopamine levels were inversely related to immune proliferation to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mitogen. The results are discussed in terms of the deleterious effects of cocaine and stress and possible mechanisms for cocaine and stress induced immune suppression.

ISSN:1071-2089    

DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9861.1993.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY