ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty-three medical residents were tested on a battery of computer-based, self-administered neurobehavioral tests before and after a 36-hour in-hospital call plus postcall day to assess the central nervous system effects of the call experience and its accompanying sleep deprivation. Statistically significant decreases in performance were found postcall on tests of sustained visual attention (P < 0.0001), speed and coding ability (P < 0.0001) and short-term recall (P < 0.0001). Hand-eye coordination improved (P < 0.02).

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The diagnosis of occupational asthma may be difficult due to the complex mechanisms inducing the disorder. Identification of the offending agent after historical documentation may be difficult without bronchial challenge. The hallmark of asthma is bronchial hyperreactivity as detected by methacholine challenge, and this test could be considered as a screening test for asthma in the workplace. Four esses are presented that document changes in methaoholine airway reactivity dependent on temporal association with exposure to the workplace or to the specific offending agent. This indicates a need for a careful evaluation of symptoms relative to exposure in patients suspected of workplace asthma as well as serial determinations of methacholine response to detect potential variability in the airway reactivity.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As testing for beryllium-induced proliferation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells is not suitable for screening, we evaluated the proliferative response of blood cells to beryllium. Twenty-seven patients with chronic beryllium disease, documented by histology and a positive lung proliferative response to beryllium, were compared to 30 controls. A significant difference (P < .05) was observed between beryllium disease patients and controls with 100 or 10 μM beryllium salts. To evaluate the optimum test parameters and stimulation index cutoff, receiver operating characteristic curves (true positive v false positive) were generated. Maximum predictive value positive (26%) was observed at a stimulation index outoff of 2.5, which corresponds to a 38% sensitivity and 97% specificity. This suggests that the blood cell proliferation response to beryllium has a limited role in screening for chronic beryllium disease.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In light of increasing interest in the workplace as a site for primary prevention of chronic disease, more information concerning the current health status of workers is needed. This report compares “blue collar” (n = 2118) and “white collar” (n = 1900) respondents from a population-based random sample survey conducted in two southeastern New England communities. The specific responses were to a household interview and physiological measures emphasizing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These risk factors were elevated blood cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, smoking, being overweight and physical inactivity.Designation as blue or white collar was based upon the Standard Occupational Classification Manual.Gender specific comparisons of physiological status and self-reported knowledge attitudes and behaviors related to cardiovasoular disease revealed that blue collar workers are at higher risk only for certain controllable risk factors, namely smoking and body mass index (women only). Contrary to other reports in the literature we have not found any significant difference in blood pressure or total cholesterol between the two groups. Even when people in high risk categories (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm/Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm/Hg cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL) were studied the distributions were equally similar in both blue and white collar workers among each gender group.These findings indicate that educational interventions should target all segments of the population regardless of the nature of their occupation.More emphasis should be placed on offering programs to increase knowledge and improve health-related attitudes of blue collar workers. Our data also suggest that white collar workers are more likely to adopt preventive health practices than are blue collar workers. Implications for future work site programming are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Adverse effects of respirators have been the focus of considerable research over the past decade. Individual research projects have generally focused on one specific category of effects: ventilatory, respiratory control, work limitation, subjective discomfort, psychologic effects, thermal loading, and cardiovascular changes. Most were studied in experimental laboratory situations rather than in actual worksites. Very little attention has been given to compliance with use and actual effectiveness in preserving health. Inasmuch as many types of effects have been demonstrated, there is a need to carefully define which type(s) of effects is/are most important for respirator design selection and worker medical certification in particular situations. In general, respirators should be assessed for their effect on all relevant variables.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In an update of an earlier investigation of brain tumors, mortality patterns were examined for 7849 male employees who worked at a petrochemical plant from 1941 through 1983. The update added 6 years of observation (1978 to 1983). During this period, the brain tumor (BT) mortality risk declined relative to the US population, but continued to be higher than expected in hourly workers (5 observed/3.4 expected). Similar to the earlier studies, BT occurrence was not explained by patterns of production work assignments. Mortality rates for hourly and salaried workers from all causes combined, total cancer and respiratory cancer were lower than US population rates. Lower rates for these causes were also seen for white and nonwhite production and maintenance workers. Liver cancer rates were greater than expected in white production workers (3 observed/1.6 expected) and included two men assigned more than 40 years ago to vinyl chloride-related departments. Mortality rates due to malignant melanoma were elevated in white maintenance workers (5 observed/2.0 expected) and may be explained by heavy sun exposure in outdoor work.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID