ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Readers ore invited to submit letters for publication in this department. Submit to Doris Flournoy, Publisher, Journal of Occupational Medicine, 1845 W. Morse, Chicago, IL 60626, Letters should be typewritten, double spaced and should be designated “For Publication,”

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ventilatory capacity of 68 workers who were exposed to isocyanates was determined. Forty-two of the workers had been studied in 1971. The overall ventilatory capacity of the subjects fell within the predicted range except that two subjects, both of whom were smokers, had minimal obstruction. No significant shift decrement was noted in any of the subjects. There was no evidence to suggest that an excess decrement in ventilatory capacity occurred during the period of observation; however, exposure to isocyanates had been well within the then-extant time-weighted average.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Surviving members of occupational cohorts studied in retrospective analyses of mortality usually are not notified individually of positive study results. However, concern has arisen that such results may contain risk information pertinent to study subjects. To evaluate the effects and implications of individually notifying survivors of such cohorts, we conducted a pilot notification study. Members of a cohort of 1,385 chemical workers who had handled carcinogenic amines were notified by mail that they were likely to be at increased risk of bladder cancer. Also a bladder cancer screening and follow-up program was established. The study demonstrated that notification is a complex action and that much care needs to be taken when communicating information on risk. Notification requires development of (1) criteria as to what constitutes a notifiable risk and (2) programs to meet the medical and social needs of the various parties involved in notification.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The application of psychological principles that lead to the acquisition of skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors for improving safety and health conditions in the work environment is illustrated by case examples. The emergent pattern of successful occupational health education can be described as a process consisting of instruction, psychological reinforcement, and establishment of new norms of safe behavior for workers. To realize maximum effect from education programs, occupational physicians and other occupational health professionals should upgrade and expand their understanding of health education as well as their health education skills.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Definition of a standard threshold shift (STS) and its use as an early indicator to identify those employees with deteriorating hearing are necessary aspects of hearing conservation programs in industry. STS criteria were evaluated using techniques borrowed from decision theory and signal detection theory to separate audiometric threshold shifts into true-positive and false-positive shifts. The current Occupational Safety and Health Administration definition of a “change in hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more at 2, 3 or 4 kHz in either ear” and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery recommendation of a “10 dB or greater change for the worse for either the 0.5, 1, 2 kHz pure tone average or the 3, 4, 6 kHz pure tone average, in either ear” were supported. Revision of baselines after an STS occurs is recommended.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study was conducted to test the feasibility of training lay persons to screen chest x-ray films for professional readers in an industrial screening program and to use the International Labor Office classification of the pneumoconioses for silicosis. With minimal training the lay readers agreed with the professional readers on the presence or absence of silicosis in 72.6% of the films and missed only 3.2% of the silicosis identified by the professional readers. The lay readers were able to identify only 17.1% of the pathology other than silicosis; however, it appeared that they identified some of these conditions as silicosis. Considering this, the lay readers missed only 27.0% of the other pathologies. It was concluded that, with more extensive training, lay persons could be taught to screen chest x-ray films for professional readers in an industrial screening program.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of allergic oculorhinitis induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure in a subject who two years later developed bronchial asthma due to TDI is described. A 55-year-old nonatopic spray painter developed symptoms of oculorhinitis two or three hours after direct occupational exposure to polyurethane varnish; at the first examination neither specific nor nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness was present. Two years later the patient, who had remained in his job, developed episodic dyspnea, wheezing, and cough immediately after TDI exposure, with persistence of oculorhinitis; at this time a slight immediate-type response to a specific bronchial provocative test with polyurethane varnish and TDI was observed. Nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness was mild. Specific IgE to TDI-HSA conjugate was present at both the first and second examinations. We conclude that, in some cases, TDI may cause “allergic” oculorhinitis and bronchial asthma, probably with an immunological IgE-mediated mechanism.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID