ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many cohorts of industrial workers at increased risk of occupationally induced bladder cancer are still in the preclinical disease stage. A large proportion of workers in these populations have been exposed to aromatic amines, but have not yet experienced the average latent period for bladder cancer. A need exists for definition of what constitutes optimal management for asymptomatic workers in these cohorts. Promising advances in the epidemiology, pathology, detection, and treatment of bladder cancer pressure for a reassessment of current practices and the application of the most current scientific knowledge. Some of these apparent advances, however, have not yet been rigorously evaluated. The time has come to evaluate these advances so that their application can occur while high risk cohorts are still amenable to and likely to benefit from intervention. This commentary calls for such an evaluation leading to a comprehensive approach to managing cohorts at high risk of bladder cancer. policy in moving from decades of discovery into the era of cancer control.3The challenge is to identify optimal management of asymptomatic workers when there is scientific uncertainty regarding various aspects of bladder cancer.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A random sample of 517 employees was studied to determine differences in health care costs and absenteeism among exercisers and nonexercisers during the start-up of a corporate health and fitness program. Exercise was associated with decreased illness absence among female exercisers (47 v 69 hours, P < .05) and there was a trend for illness absence to be inversely related to advancing age among exercisers, whereas illness absence increased among nonexercisers. Total health care costs among exercisers was lower (male $561, females $639) than among nonexercisers (male $1,003, females $1,535). Due to the large variation in the individual cost, the differences between exercisers and nonexercisers were not statistically significant. Ambulatory health care cost for nonexercisers (males $486, females $883) were significantly higher than the costs for exercisers (males $408, females $243). Because the differences were found upon program initiation, they were thought to be characteristics of exercisers and not due to exercise itself.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study was conducted among 13,844 members of a meat-cutter's union, from July 1949 to December 1980, to examine cancer occurrence in the meat industry. Separate analyses were carried out for the whole group, and for subgroups defined by job-categories characteristic of the industry, including a control group. Mortality was compared with that of the United States through the estimation of standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and proportional mortality ratios. A statistically significant proportional mortality ratio of 2.9 was obtained for Hodgkin's disease among abattoir workers; the SMR of 2.2 was not significant. Among meat-packing plant workers, highly statistically significant SMRs were recorded for bone cancer, SMR = 9.6; cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, SMR = 3.4; and lung cancer, SMR = 1.9. The role of oncogenic viruses and other careinogenic exposures was investigated.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Average number of sick leave hours per month taken by smoking and nonsmoking employees of Missouri's Department of Health were examined. During a 20-month period 97 smokers took 5.3 hours per month sick leave, whereas 309 non-smokers took 4.3 hours, a 23% difference. Excess sick leave was taken by smokers regardless of their sex, marital status, or age group. Smokers who were male, unmarried, or older took 22% to 38% more sick leave than their nonsmoking counterparts. It was estimated that for excess sick leave only, the smokers cost the department $11,931 per year. Using total cost figures developed by Weiss yielded an estimated excess cost of $510,802 per year.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case-control study of occupational hand injury was conducted in an effert to identify risk factors for disabling injury. Case employees in this study were municipal employees who had sustained restricted activity or lost work time as a result of hand injuries while at work. Each case employee was individually matched to a control employee of the same sex who held the same job and was at work on the same date and shift that the case employee's injury occurred. A conditional logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding variables. Performing a task that was not a usual job requirement, using defective materials, presence of cardiovascular disease, sleeping nine or more hours per night, and being less than 25 years of ago were identified to be risk factors after adjustment.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Epidemic psychogenic illness or mass hysteria occurred in a telephone operators' building following a pronouncement by an operator of toxic fume exposure. Two outbreaks occurred within two days, resulting in mass evacuation and closure of the building. Extensive environmental studies failed to identify a causative substance. Eighty-one employees were treated in emergency medical facilities for clinical and laboratory findings compatible with anxiety and hyperventilation. Characteristics of this work group were similar to those described in other epidemics, suggesting a pattern for susceptibility. Failure of early recognition and overreaction by supervisors and various outside groups and agencies contributed to escalation of the epidemic.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID