ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the relationship between participation in a facility–based fitness program and the number of reported absences from work due to illness. Employees who became members had a history of fewer absences before the program began in 1987 than employees who did not become members. Comparing 1988 with 1986, members experienced a significant decrease in absences, whereas nonmembers did not. Male and female members experienced 0.42 and 1.0 fewer days absent in 1988 than in 1986, respectively. Controlling for gender and previous absences, members could be expected to have 1.2 fewer absences in 1988 than nonmembers. On average, those who participated most frequently experienced the greatest improvement in attendance. A significant interaction between participation and 1986 absences indicated that a member's decrease in absences depended both on how many absences the member had to begin with, and how much he or she participated. Members having a high number of absences in 1986 could expect the greatest benefit from frequent participation.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cost data were retrieved from all claims of low back pain initiated during 1986 (N= 98 999) from computerized records of the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company. The mean cost per case was $6807; median cost, $391. Medical costs represented 31.5% of the total costs; indemnity costs, 67.2%. The total compensable cost for all low back pain in the United States was estimated to be $11.1 billion. Large variations were found to exist among different states in cost per case and percentage of costs for indemnity and medical payments.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three successive, cross-sectional surveys were used to measure the impact of a restrictive smoking policy on employee smoking patterns, perceived exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, attitudes about the policy, and smoking-related norms in a large decentralized state agency. No significant change was detected in smoking prevalence, the proportion of smokers attempting to quit, or the total daily consumption of cigarettes by smokers. The daily consumption of cigarettes at work decreased significantly, from 16.9% to 4.9% smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day. The proportion of respondents bothered every day by coworkers' smoke dropped from 21.8% to 3.8%. Following policy implementation, the interaction between smokers and nonsmokers about smoking decreased. The findings suggest that restrictive work site smoking policies are effective at decreasing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, but not, at least in the short run, at lowering smoking prevalence. Also, the decreased interaction regarding smoking may have the unintended consequence of reducing the perceived pressure on smokers to quit.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many studies measure the occupational outcome of alcoholism treatment utilizing reports from the patient and not from the employer. In an attempt to obtain an objective measure of occupational outcome, the authors used both supervisors' evaluations and clinical reports from aftercare personnel to observe 722 patients who completed a 6-week military inpatient alcoholism treatment program. Patients were observed for up to 2 years to determine prognostic indicators for post-rehabilitation personal and occupational success. Continuous abstinence from alcohol was seen in 77% of the study group, whereas satisfactory posttreatment occupational performance was observed in 90% throughout the study period. Military rank, successful inpatient program completion, and aftercare program adherence were good predictors of long-term outcome, whereas extent of prior treatment for substance abuse and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test scores were not.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four cases of serious methylene chloride (dichloromethane) poisoning, including fatalities, in small-scale furniture-stripping shops were reported to the Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center between 1984 and 1988. Adequate ventilation systems and use of recommended respirators may seem impractical or overly expensive to the operators of such shops. Twenty-one shops in the metropolitan Denver, Colorado area were surveyed. A half-facepiece respirator with organic vapor cartridges was worn at least part-time in 14 of 21 shops; none was worn in 7. In 10 of 21 shops, workers had experienced dizziness, headache, or nausea when stripping furniture. Current safety practices in small-scale furniture-stripping shops may be inadequate to keep methylene chloride exposure levels in compliance with latest recommendations, and serious or fatal overexposure can occur.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

2-Phenoxyethanol, used as an anesthetic for handling small fish at a salmon hatchery, caused three women to experience headache and symptoms of intoxication during use, followed by diminished sensation and strength of hands and fingers, worse in the preferred hand. Persistent neuropathy did not develop in any of them. After 1 to 2 years of exposure, the women manifested gradual onset of symptoms of cognitive impairment with an inability to work. Neuropsychologic testing verified that all three had focal cognitive impairments that persisted. One also had documented labyrinthine hypo-function, which originated during this exposure. The immediate and delayed effects of 2-phenoxyethanol on the central nervous system resemble those of the other organic solvents.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID