ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a cohort of 246 men with vibration white finger disease, the effects of tobacco use on the symptoms of the disease and the results of a cold provocation test were studied. The tobacco habits of 111 patients were confirmed by measurement of nicotine and cotinine in plasma. In a subgroup the cold provocation test was repeated after nicotine absorption according to individual habits. Patients with advanced disease as measured on a symptom scale were found to use tobacco more often and to have higher cotinine levels than patients with less advanced disease. Pathologic test results were found more frequently among users of tobacco than among nonusers. Habitual use of tobacco seems to aggravate the symptoms of vibration white finger disease and to result in an increased reactivity in a cold provocation test.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The degree of hand preference, ie, the extent to which the use of one upper extremity is obligate, has not been studied previously as a possible risk factor for the development of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders (UECTDs). This case-control study was designed to test the hypothesis that strong hand preference, whether left or right, would be associated with UECTDs in a working population. Case subjects were drawn from workers who presented to one of two acute care clinics for treatment of work-related cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremity. Control subjects were drawn from job applicants presenting for preplacement examinations at the same two clinics. The degree of hand preference was determined by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory of Old-Geld.The 48 case subjects evidenced a higher absolute value of the mean handedness score (indicative of a stronger degree of hand preference) than the 134 control subjects (P = .01). As a dichotomized variable, being “strong”-handed versus “weak”-handed was a significant risk factor for UECTD (P = .01, odds ratio = 2.48). Among the 48 case subjects, 83% had a UECTD ipsilateral to the side of hand preference.This study found that workers who develop cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremity are more likely to exhibit a strong hand preference than a group of applicants entering the work force. These findings suggest that the endogenously determined obligate use of one extremity may be a significant risk factor for the development of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of fatal work-related injuries that involved alcohol and other drugs in Harris County, Texas (which includes most of the city of Houston) during 1984 and 1985. A total of 807 death certificates and 196 autopsy reports that classified deaths as occurring at work were identified, and the demographic and toxicologic information was reviewed. Tests for alcohol were conducted for 173 (88.3%) of the workers autopsied; 23 (13.3%) had a detectable blood alcohol content. Drug screens, in addition to tests for alcohol, were performed on 172 (87.8%) of the workers autopsied; 12 (7.0%) had detectable traces of drugs which had the potential to alter physiologic functions needed to avoid injury. Only one case of illicit drug use was detected. When substances were detected, alcohol and prescription drugs, not illicit drugs, were the ones most frequently found.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Spirometry was performed on 136 male industrial workers experienced in undergoing pulmonary function testing for the purpose of studying the effects of the use of noseclips on forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuvers. A cross-over design was employed with each subject serving as his own reference. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FVC measurements were recorded adhering closely to the guidelines set down by the American Thoracic Society. Assuming that a 30-ml difference in FVC and FEV1is not important, we conclude that these measurements are not significantly affected by the use of noseclips. However, trial order was found to affect the outcome. The FVC and FEV1values on the first trial were consistently lower than those on the second regardless of noseclip use. Many subjects experienced discomfort from noseclips and their use is not recommended for routine purposes.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case-control study of nasal cancer deaths in the states of Washington, Oregon, Mississippi, and North Carolina was undertaken to determine whether there was an excess of nasal cancer deaths occurring among workers in wood-related industries. This involved analysis of 536 cases of nasal cancer deaths occurring from 1962 to 1977, compared with 1,072 deaths matched for control. The study showed no overall excess of deaths from nasal cancer in wood-related industries, including furniture manufacturing. There was a statistically significant excess of deaths from nasal cancer occurring in lumber and wood products (risk ratio = 1.95, P < .05); however, this was largely due to excess in these industries occurring in the states, of North Carolina and Mississippi. Summarizing the available evidence of this study, there seems to be no association between nasal cancer and industry/occupation normally identified with wood dust.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID