ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The connection between enhanced oncological risk and the exposure to non‐fibrous mineral dusts receives a contradictory but mostly negative estimation in the literature. The present authors estimated the death rate by relating the number of deaths from cancer, registered at different companies during a 21 to 27‐year span, to the number of man‐years of work for all employees during the same period. The death rates, calculated as above, were compared with the age standardized analogous death rates of the control population. The ratio of these indices, which statistically significantly exceeded 1.0, was taken as evidence of risk connected with exposure to the industrial environment. Frequency of registration of deaths from malignant tumors among other causes of death of silicotic patients was also studied. The results are in favor of accepting talc dust (even that not containing fibrous minerals) as a carcinogen, and silica containing dust only as a cocarcinogenic agent. The percent silica content in dust either plays no role at all, or plays a much lesser role than the total dust load. Tbc as the competing cause of death in silicotic patients, in grave forms of the disease, eliminates the susceptibility of patients to death from cancer.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Work should respect the worker's life and health, leave him free time for rest and leisure, and enable him to serve society and achieve self‐fulfillment by developing his personal capacities. This is not what work looks like to hundreds of millions of workers all over the world. Occupational stress arises where discrepancies exist between occupational demands and opportunities on the one hand and the worker's capacities, needs and expectations on the other. III effects are mediated by three classes of mechanisms: (1) feelings of distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, alienation, etc.); (2) behaviors (e.g., increase in alcohol and tobacco consumption, risk taking, self‐destructive behavior, etc.); and (3) hyper‐, hypo‐ and dysfunction in various organs and organ systems (e.g., physiological stress reactions as described by Selye; specific changes in endocrine and immunological function, etc.). These effects are common and they are a challenge to occupational medicine. Work environments are man‐made and can be adapted by man for man. Local, national and international monitoring of occupational health should be aimed at making work man's servant and not his master.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;In an effort to design a job related physical abilities field test to be used in the selection of state traffic officers, 140 male and 16 female California Highway Patrol officers were administered a comprehensive laboratory test battery as the criterion to validate a field test battery and two job related physical tasks. The laboratory test battery included assessments of selected anthropometric measurements, body composition by hydrostatic weighing, strength, flexibility, and &OV0312;O2max. The field test battery included assessments of body composition by anthropometry, strength, flexibility, vertical jump, and 1‐1/2 mile timed run. The job related physical tasks included a barrier surmount and arrest simulation, where the officer had to pursue a suspect over two walls (4′10″ and 6′), apprehend and handcuff the suspect, and return over both walls to the patrol car. The second test was a dummy drag injury rescue simulation, where the officer had to rescue a simulated injury victim from a car and drag the victim 50 feet to safety. Stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated multiple correlations of R = 0.68 and 0.66 for the laboratory test battery vs. the barrier surmount and dummy drag, respectively, and R = 0.62 and 0.57 for the field test battery vs. the barrier surmount and dummy drag, respectively. Individual items on the laboratory test battery correlated moderate to high with their respective items on the field test battery. It was concluded that the two job related tasks were good tests for screening and selecting officer candidates, since they were both job related and demonstrated moderate correlations with pure components of physical ability. The officers were found to be only average relative to their general physical fitness, indicating that the predominantly sedentary nature of the officer's job leads to a rapid deterioration in physical fitness following completion of academy training. It is suggested that an in‐service physical conditioning program might greatly benefit both the employer and employee, resulting in better health, reduced injury potential, reduced disability retirements, and reduced risk for coronary heart disease.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A study was undertaken to determine the mortality experience of 50 workers diagnosed with either skin cancer or precancerous lesions. These workers were first diagnosed between 1955 and 1959 as part of a screening program for workers employed in a coal hydrogenation plant. Workers were traced and death certificates obtained for those who were deceased. Findings revealed that five of the workers had died from noncancerous causes, 16 had retired, 28 were still working, and one subject was lost to follow‐up. Because of the limited scope of the study (it only included those workers with skin lesions) and the small sample size (50), no firm conclusions can be made, although it would appear that there is no increase of death due to systemic cancers.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Occupational sickness among tobacco farmers due to the handling of green tobacco leaves is termed “green symptom.” This symptom was investigated among 197 Indian tobacco workers and it was found that 88.83% of the workers were suffering from green symptom when exposed to green tobacco leaves during their occupational operation. Nicotine concentration of the urine was estimated only among male subjects who were smokers. During the exposure period (when subjects were suffering from green symptom), more than a three‐fold increase in nicotine concentration in the urine was observed. Both cured and uncured leaves may cause such sickness.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID