摘要:

Analysis of data covering 134, three‐digit (SIC) manufacturing industries from the mid‐sixties to the mid‐eighties undermines the claim that unions are responsible for altering the composition of U.S. trade flows. Heavily unionized industries are not found to have lost any more to imports nor gained any more in exports than comparable U.S. industries. On the other hand, industrial concentration appears to be a significant disadva

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the role of unions in implementing the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) by using a data set that provides information on regulatory enforcement. The analysis demonstrates that unionized establishments are more likely to receive safety and health inspections, face greater scrutiny in the course of those inspections, and pay higher penalties for violating health and safety standards than comparable nonunion establishments. Implementation of OSHA therefore seems highly dependent upon the presence of a union at the workplace.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

North American firms have begun to show greater interest in sharing private business information with unions and employees, a labor relations practice widely institutionalized in Japan. This study uses a survey of Japanese joint consultation committees and publicly available business data to examine the effects of information sharing on a firm's profitability, productivity, and labor cost. The results generally show a positive association of information sharing with profitability and productivity and a negative association with labor cost.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Comparable worth advocates assume that the relation between earnings and percentage female in an occupation is due to crowding or other forms of discrimination. An alternative explanation is that the relation stems from women freely choosing different occupations. Using longitudinal data to control for time‐invariant omitted variables, as well as cross‐sectional data (for comparison with previous research), we find that although men's estimated penalty is not reduced, the percentage female penalty falls substantially for women and is not statistically significant. These results imply that estimates of the percentage female effect based on cross‐sectional data may be inflated for women–except for those with intermittent labor force participation. This group does experience a sizeable penalty for working in female‐dominated occupations. Hence, a comparable worth policy would most likely benefit women with discontinuous e

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Once an employee has qualified for early retirement, continuing to work involves an implicit tax in the form of forgone pension payments. We explore this implicit pension tax in a Canadian setting and find that, contrary to Lazear (1983), but consistent with most U.S. studies, pension wealth generally does not peak at the date of first eligibility for early retirement. We highlight the importance of the earnings path posited for older workers, anticipated enrichments to flat benefit formulas, and the distinction between reduced and unreduced early retirement as determinants of this result.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nations differ in their approach to profit sharing, with policies ranging from nonintervention to mandatory sharing. Mounting evidence that profit sharing has a positive impact on employment and productivity has spurred some American legislators and economists to propose additional tax incentives. While this option has been effective in increasing the number of plans, a more prudent response would be the creation of a national tripartite body to accelerate and enhance the quality of profit‐sharing researc

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Secularly declining employment has characterized the postwar railroad industry. This study identifies some causes of this decline by testing an industry employment function. The introduction of new techniques of production, especially the conversion from steam to diesel locomotives, along with rising wages and deregulation, are found to be the primary factors behind the fall in industry employment.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, a model of union decertification activity in the U.S. is estimated for 1960, 1970, 1975, and 1980. Cross‐state data permit the use of regressors capturing the effects of demographic, political, and organizational factors not included in previous research on decertification. The estimated results confirm these effects. Tests for stability over the pooled sample periods 1960–1970 and 1975–1980 show some variability in the strength of the variables' ef

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Corporations are implementing employee involvement programs in both union and nonunion settings in response to growing environmental pressures. This study examines the relationships among environmental pressures, corporate ideology, and participative practices in union and nonunion settings and tests two industrial relations models. Questionnaires measuring environmental pressures, corporate ideology, and participation were completed and returned by the Vice President of Human Resources (or similar corporate executive) in 159 of the largest manufacturing companies in the United States. Multiple regression results show that environmental pressures exert little effect on corporate ideology, but ideology has a significant effect on participative practices in both union and nonunion settings.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates arbitrators' decisions in 557 suspension cases and reveals that, other things equal, male arbitrators were 74 per cent more likely to sustain the grievances of female grievants than male grievants. There was no evidence, however, that female arbitrators treat male and female grievants differently. A review of studies on gender effects in arbitration suggests a weak gender effect where male arbitrators are more lenient with female grievants than with male grievants.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY