摘要:

Intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of clinical caries diagnoses was studied using 3 experienced dentists, who independently examined 20 patients twice at an interval of 2–6 weeks. The lesions were classified as one of the following four diagnoses: (1) initial active caries, (2) initial inactive caries, (3) manifest active caries, and (4) manifest inactive caries. For the various diagnoses, signs of cavitation, surface structure and discolouration were used. The reproducibility at a patient level was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and at a surface level using kappa statistics. At a patient level, for the total number of lesions, the intraclass coefficients of correlation varied from 0.55 to 0.77. For the individual diagnoses, total manifest caries showed the highest coefficients of correlation, ranging from 0.73 to 0.92. At a tooth surface level, the kappa values varied from 0.29 to 0.61. The most common shift was that from any type of caries diagnosis to a diagnosis of a sound surface. There was little difference between the results for coronal and root caries and between initial and manifest lesions. Nor was there any difference for buccal + lingual surfaces only compared to all surfaces. Judging from the pattern of change in diagnosis between the repeated examinations, the main source of error seemed to be due to the fact that the lesions observed at one examination were overlooked at the other examinatio

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262129

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The association of enamel hypoplasia (EHP) with dental caries of the deciduous dentition was determined in 1,344 rural Chinese children aged 3–5 years. The degree of EHP was determined using a modified DDE Index. Number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and tooth surfaces were determined for all subjects. Anthropometric assessment of body weight and height was done as an indirect measure of the nutritional status of the children. Results from the study showed that the prevalence of EHP was 22.3% in the total study population. The prevalence of dental caries was 82.3%. There was no difference in the caries experience between males and females. Significantly greater caries experience was observed among the children living in a low socioeconomic county and children with low height for age. Children with low birth weight showed a slightly higher percentage of caries than those born with normal birth wight. Children with enamel hypoplasia demonstrated a significantly higher caries experience than those who did not have such defects. The results of this study consistently support previous studies that found nutritional deficiency to have an important impact on tooth development and susceptibility to dental diseases. This study also indicates that the presence of enamel hypoplasia may be a predisposing factor for initiation and progression of dental caries, and a predictor of high caries susceptibility in a community, particularly if fluoride programs are not implemente

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262130

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A large number of liquid oral medicines contain sugars and there is concern for the dental health of children requiring this medication long-term for chronic medical problems. Ninety-four chronically sick children aged 2–17 years taking sugar-based or sugar-free liquid oral medication for 1 year or more, and their 92 siblings were dentally examined. The medical problems of the sick children included epilepsy, cystic fibrosis, chronic renal failure, asthma, recurrent urinary tract infections, cardiac disease and chronic constipation. Ordinal logistic regression analysis compared differences between sick children and their healthy siblings and showed the only significant confounding factors related to dental health to be age (for dmfs p = 0.013, DMFS p < 0.001) and exposure to fluoridation (for DMFS p = 0.0097, DFS (approximal) p = 0.013). Children taking long-term liquid oral medicines had significantly more caries of deciduous anterior teeth than their siblings (p = 0.046

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262131

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We evaluated caries increment in connection with salivary caries-related findings and dental status in teenagers by carrying out a retrospective follow-up, lasting on average 28 months. A total of 66 adolescents, mean age 15.2 years, were selected by their susceptibility to caries, as clinically defined at a routine checkup. Their baseline DMFT was 5.7, compared to 4.3 in the root population of 230 patients. Increment of caries on selected surfaces (ΔDFSs) included new caries reaching the dentine and new fillings done due to such caries. ΔDFSs > 0 was taken as the validation criterion to define a caries case. Screening criteria for salivary tests were set as follows: flow rate of unstimulated saliva less than 0.2 ml/min, and of stimulated saliva less than 1.0 ml/min; buffering capacity: final pH below 4.5, mutans streptococci (SM) score of 2 or 3 (≥ 105 CFU/ml), and lactobacilli (LB) score of 5 or 6 (≥105 7, the corresponding specificities bein

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262132

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between oral hygiene level and caries experience in 14-year-olds using fluoride dentifrices on a regular basis. Oral hygiene expressed as Gingival Bleeding Points (GBP) was recorded in 267 individuals in the county of Lillehammer in Norway. Total caries experience as DMFS and approximal carious lesions in the outer half of the enamel (D1), in the inner half of the enamel (D2), in dentin (D3), and filled approximal surfaces were registered clinically and on standardized bite-wing radiographs. Using multiple regression analysis, oral hygiene level expressed as GBI was the only factor that could account for variation in caries experience (DMFS). Any significant effect of consumption of sweets on caries experience could not be demonstrated with the multivariate analysis. The average percentage of GBP ( ± SD) was 35.7+10.0%. The individuals were divided into one group with good oral hygiene (GBP < 35.7%) and one group with poor oral hygiene (GBP≥ 35.7%). Significantly fewer carious lesions and filled approximal surfaces were demonstrated in the group with good oral hygiene compared with the group with poor oral hygiene. About 16% of the study population used fluoride tablets or fluoride mouthrinses in addition to a fluoride toothpaste. Only in the good oral hygiene group, additional fluoride resulted in a lower caries experience compared with those using only a fluoride toothpaste. In the group with poor oral hygiene, additional fluoride did not result in lower caries experience. The study thus supported the view that during regular fluoride exposure oral hygiene level is an important variable to explain caries ri

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262133

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The adoption of xylitol chewing gum in Finland was studied using data from two comparable postal surveys for national samples of 12- to 18-year-olds in 1977 (response rate 79%, n = 2,528) and 1991 (77%, n = 7,672). In 1977 only 12% of this age group used xylitol chewing gum but, by 1991 it had become common (64% of boys, 81% of girls). Daily use increased from 1 to 15% among boys and from 1 to 32% among girls. Use of sucrose chewing gum decreased; in 1991 only 2% used it daily. Daily use of xylitol chewing gum did not vary according to socioeconomic status or level of urbanization. The increase in use of xylitol chewing gum is an example of the positive effect of health education given by a comprehensive, preventively oriented system of dental health care in association with commercial interests.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262134

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study describes the effects of varnish containing 40% chlorhexidine diacetate on Actinomyces naeslundii populations in plaque from human molar fissures. In each of 15 subjects two dental fissures with high levels of mutans streptococci were selected. The experimental treatment consisted of the single application of a small amount of chlorhexidine varnish onto the selected fissures. The varnish was removed 15 min after application. One month after varnish application a significant increase was observed in A. naeslundii counts while the number of mutans streptococci had decreased significantly compared with preexperimental levels. From 85 randomly selected Actinomyces isolates taken from blood agar plates before varnish application, 44% belonged to A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 56% to A. naeslundii genospecies 2. From 106 isolates taken 1 month after chlorhexidine varnish application, 42% belonged to A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 58% to A. naeslundii genospecies 2. At baseline 28% of A. naeslundii genospecies 1 strains were catalase-positive, but 1 month after varnish application 4% of the strains were catalase-positive (p < 0.05). It is concluded that chlorhexidine varnish application caused an increase of A. naeslundii in dental plaque, but induced no significant changes in the distribution of the two A. naeslundii genospecies.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262135

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In an in vitro demineralization model, the protective effect of two chlorhexidme varnishes, Cervitec® (1% w/w chlorhexidine diacetate and 1% w/w thymol) and EC40® (40% w/w chlorhexidine diacetate), was compared with that of Fluor Protector®, a varnish containing 0.1% w/w F. The demineralization model comprised an acidogenic Streptococcus mutans suspension in agarose placed on enamel or dentine specimens. The experiments extended over three serial 22-hour demineralization periods with fresh S.mutans suspensions for each period. To determine whether the varnishes released enough demineralization-inhibiting compounds, approximately 10 μl of the varnishes was applied adjacent to the enamel and dentine specimens just before the first application of the S. mutans no treatment). A 1:1 mixture of Cervitec and Fluor Protector was as effective as the most effective component alone. It is concluded that a varnish containing both fluoride and chlorhexidine may be useful, since it could give optimal protection to both enamel and d

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262136

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The microbiota of root caries lesions of different grades of severity were studied. Fourteen lesions were examined. The experimental design of the study allowed correlation of histopathologically distinguishable stages with specific and distinct microbial populations. Dentin samples were ground in a sterile mortar and cultured anaerobically on nonselective Columbia blood agar plates supplemented with 5% hemolyzed human blood and on media selective for Lactobacillus spp. and streptococci. The cultivable microbiota were quantitatively speciated using Rapid ID 32A, Rapid ID 32 Strep, API 20 Strep, API ZYM, and API 50 CH tests and SDS-PAG electrophoresis. In initial as well as in advanced lesions gram-positive bacteria accounted for approximately 90% of the CFUt. The proportion of Actinomyces, and in particular A. naeslundii was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in initial lesions than in advanced lesions. In contrast, the percentage of Streptococcus and especially S. mutans was higher (p < 0.05) in advanced than in initial lesions. Surprisingly low (0.8% of the CFUt) was the percentage of lactobacilli in advanced lesions. Gram-negative bacteria formed a minor part of the microbiota in both initial and advanced lesions. Among the gram-negative isolates, Prevotella, Selenomonas, and Bacteroides spp. were most noticeable. In advanced lesions, only the outermost layer of 0.5 mm thickness was populated by a high number of bacteria; the following segments harbored a negligible number of bacteria only. It is concluded that root caries is a continuous destruction process which is restricted to a subsurface zone of limited depth. The necrotic dentin is successively worn away, leading to a saucer-shaped cavitation which is repopulated by plaque. The creation of cavitations favors an aciduric flora. This might explain the succession of bacterial populations observed during the destruction process.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262137

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of sucrose intake versus a sucrose-free diet (substituting glucose for sucrose) on numbers of isolates from early dental plaque expressing extracellular carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes was studied. The bacteria were isolated from 0- to 3-day-old dental plaque formed on the buccal surface of a lower pre-molar in 6 subjects. A total of 7,987 isolates were tested for the following activities: synthesis of glucan from sucrose, glucanase, fructanase, synthesis of polymers from glucose, and amylase. Sucrose intake was associated with relatively low numbers of isolates expressing the enzyme activities studied at the start of plaque formation and relatively high numbers in 2- and 3-day plaque. The enzyme activities studied are important elements in the pathophysiology of dental caries and may even be addressed as virulence factors.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262138

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger