摘要:

The data presented in this paper are from the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study (1988–1991), designed to assess the levels of coronal and root caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, and a variety of dental health-related needs among a representative sample of 234 black and 218 white noninstitutionalized older adults in North Carolina. Of the 452 subjects followed for 3 years, 45% of blacks and 59% of the whites developed new coronal caries when caries was defined as decayed and filled surfaces, decayed root fragments, and crowned surfaces (p = 0.022). The annualized rate of caries increment for blacks and whites was 0.8 and 1.6 surfaces per 100 at risk (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean 3-year net increment per subject, excluding newly crowned surfaces, was 1.6 and 2.1 (p = 0.025), respectively. Whites had more newly filled and crowned surfaces, whereas blacks had more newly decayed surfaces and more decayed root fragments. Logistic regression models using baseline explanatory variables showed factors related to coronal caries differed between blacks and whites. For blacks, having more teeth, higher concentration of lactobacilli in stimulated saliva, more decayed and filled root surfaces, and smoking were related to the development of new coronal DFS (mostly D). For whites, having more coronal surfaces at risk and having more physical health problems but not seeking medical care in the past 6 months were related to the development of new coronal DFS (mostly F). The study showed the caries attack rate to be higher for whites than blacks, mainly as a result of more crown restorations, whereas blacks appeared to be at greater risk for incident lesions. Thus, in order to obtain more realistic figures for caries risk groups, coronal caries increment can and should be presented including and excluding crowns, since the utilization of dental services is likely to differ between groups of older adult

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262365

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incidence of dental caries in the primary dentition was determined in Dutch cleft lip and/or palate children (n = 81) and in children without a congenital malformation (n = 77). In the oral cleft group the incidence of dental caries (0.037; 95% CI 0.031–0.046) was significantly higher than in the control group (0.004; 95% CI 0.002–0.007) with a crude incidence rate ratio of 9.3. Adjusted for oral hygiene, oral cleft yielded a rate ratio (relative risk) of approximately 3.5 (95% CI 1.35–9.28) in the multivariate analysis. Dental caries occurred in 25 children with an oral cleft (30.9%) and in 5 control children (6.5%). All types of teeth were affected in the oral cleft group while in the control group dental caries only occured in maxillary incisors and second molars. The highest incidence of dental caries was found in the teeth beside the oral cleft and in the primary molars of the oral cleft

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262366

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relationship between the occurrence of caries and diabetes was explored in 80 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The mean age of the subjects was 14.5 years (range 11.7–18.4 years) and duration of diabetes 0.3–15.0 years (mean 6.0 years). DFS indices in poorly controlled subjects (gly-cosylated haemoglobin, HbA1, values over 13%) were significantly higher than in moderately (HbA1 10.0–12.9%) or in well-controlled cases (HbA1 values < 10%). However, the difference was not statistically significant if adjustments were made for age, age at the onset of diabetes and duration of diabetes (p = 0.1, Ancova). Subjects with caries and/or fillings had significantly higher short- and long-term HbA1 values than subjects with intact teeth, both if all subjects or subjects with long-term disease (duration of diabetes of at least 2 years, n = 62) were included. This finding was valid after adjustments for age, duration of diabetes and age at the onset of diabetes. Association between poor control and the loss of intact dentition was also demonstrated in subjects whose diabetes was diagnosed before the age of 7. Presence of yeasts was highly associated with poor control of diabetes, and yeasts were more frequently found in the saliva samples of subjects with decayed and/or filled teeth. Instead, salivary flow rates, salivary lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans counts, buffering capacity and pH were not different between the subjects. As well, home care practices were similar, and all subjects had received similar regular dental treatment. In conclusion, poor control of diabetes was found to be associated with caries. The presence of yeasts may be a caries risk indicator in subjects with diabetes, since diabetes may enhance yeast growth, particularly if poorly contr

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262367

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Radiolucent and radiopaque areas in the dentine under amalgam fillings represent demineralized tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caries progresses in radiolucent and radiopaque areas under amalgam fillings, by assessing their enlargement longitudinally on bite-wing radiographs. Bite-wings from dentitions of persons aged 17, 20 and 23 years were compared. For a 3-year evaluation, 365 teeth with class I and class II amalgam restorations were available on bite-wings; 16 radiopacities, 46 radiolucencies and 28 combinations could be followed longitudinally. All radiopacities remained the same size, 14 radiolucencies enlarged and 8 combinations enlarged. For a 6-year evaluation, 236 filled teeth were available; 10 radiopacities, 30 radiolucencies and 11 combinations could be compared longitudinally. All radiopacities remained the same size, 12 radiolucencies enlarged and 6 combinations enlarged. Because the radiopaque areas had not enlarged visibly on bite-wing radiographs over 3 or even 6 years, it was concluded that radiopacities may be non-progressing caries. A substantial number of radiolucent areas, with or without concomitant radiopacities, did not enlarge while radiolucent areas are considered as progressing caries.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262368

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the present in vitro study, the validity was determined of bite-wing radiographs for the diagnosis of secondary caries in approximal parts of teeth with class II amalgam restorations in vitro. The study was performed on 47 molars and 49 premolars providing 68 and 69 filled approximal surfaces, respectively. The teeth were radiographed in a buccolingual direction to obtain images comparable to bite-wings. Radiolucencies and radio-opacities were scored as caries. Subsequently the teeth were sectioned (700 μm) in transverse or sagittal direction and then the sections were radiographed. Validation was performed against these radiographs of sections, on which also radiolucencies and radio-opacities were scored. Statistical analysis of the results revealed significant differences between the validity parameters for molars and premolars, being for sensitivity 73 and 80%, respectively, for specificity 90 and 95%, for positive predictive value 95 and 92%, and for negative predictive value 58 and 86%. For molars, the results did not differ significantly from the results of our previous study on caries diagnosis in teeth with occlusal fillings. The present experiment showed that bite-wing radiographs are useful for the diagnosis of secondary caries under approximal parts of class II amalgam restorations, just as for secondary caries diagnosis adjacent to class I restorations

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262369

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It has been suggested that the diagnosis of occlusal dentine carious lesions has become more difficult due to the influence of fluoride on the character of pit and fissure surfaces. The issue pertains to the occurrence of hidden caries exemplified by occlusal surfaces judged as clinically sound but showing a radiolucency on the bite-wing radiograph. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of water fluoridation on the occurrence of hidden caries in clinically sound occlusal surfaces in young people. The data of 515 persons (15 years of age) collected in 1968/1969 as part of the Dutch longitudinal epidemiological Tiel/ Culemborg study were used. The participants in Tiel (F) were exposed to artificially fluoridated drinking water (F- concentration 1.1 ppm F) from birth until the end of the data collection. The participants in Culemborg (NF) were not exposed to extra fluoride (F- concentration 0.1 ppm F). In 1994 the status of occlusal surfaces of the first and second molars, as read from bite-wings made in 1968/1969, were judged by 2 investigators (Cohen’s Kappa intra- and inter-examiner agreement 0.90, 0.83 and 0.85, respectively). The original clinical data of 270 inhabitants of Tiel (F) and 245 of Culemborg (NF) were compared with the radiographic judgements. The children examined in Tiel (F) had a mean of 2.54 clinically sound occlusal surfaces in first and second molars (including surfaces with an enamel demineralization only) of which bite-wing radiographs detected 0.43 surfaces (16.9%) with a radiolucency into dentine. In Culemborg (NF) the children had a mean 0.65 clinically sound judged surfaces of which 0.16 (24.6%) showed a radiolucency on the bite-wing films. The results of the investigation show a proportional reduction of surfaces with hidden caries among clinically sound surfaces in the fluoridated area compared to the contro

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262370

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Passive immunization has been suggested as a method to prevent colonization of teeth by mutans streptococci. However, the mechanism of action of antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal, is not clear. In this study we investigated the effect of polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) and a monoclonal antibody (OMVU10) on the chain length and growth of Streptococcus sobrinus. During growth in broth S. sobrinus formed significantly longer chains in the presence of pAbs in comparison to pre-immune serum (p < 0.01), but pAbs did not influence the growth rate of S. sobrinus in broth. OMVU10 did not influence the growth rate nor the chain length. In order to study the effect of the antibodies on adhesion and growth on a surface, S. sobrinus was grown on hydroxyapatite discs in the presence of two other bacteria, Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces viscosus. No effect of the antibodies was found on the total cultivable count of the three bacteria after growth on hydroxyapatite discs. However, the morphology of the S. sobrinus microcolonies was different after growth in the presence of both pAbs and OMVU10. The colonies were less dense and chains of S. sobrinus could be seen using a confocal laser microscope. After growth in the presence of the control antibodies, the colonies were dense and no long chains could be observed. It was concluded that pAbs influenced the chain length, in broth and on hydroxyapatite discs, and the colony morphology of S. sobrinus on hydroxyapatite discs, whereas OMVU10 influenced the colony morphology of S. sobrinus on hydroxyapatite discs.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262371

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine the role of rubber dam isolation and the influence of salivary contamination during cavity preparation on the collection of samples of dentine for microbiological examination. Cavities were prepared in 23 carious teeth. Access to caries was gained and a sample of soft, stained demineralized tissue was taken with a round bur. After removing the rubber dam each cavity was flooded with saliva and after thorough washing and drying a second dentine sample was taken. Cavity preparation was completed and the cavity flooded with saliva. After thorough washing and drying a final sample was taken. A data set from another study served as a control for bacterial contamination at the end of cavity preparation where a rubber dam remained in place throughout. There were no significant differences in the numbers of bacteria in dentine samples gathered with and without rubber dam, which implies that salivary contamination can be removed by thorough washing and drying of the cavity.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262372

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Use of a splint-mounted flexible pH electrode has allowed reliable continuous monitoring of pH at the surface of the dentition whilst still enabling subjects to drink normally. pH was monitored at the palatal upper left central incisor and upper right first permanent molar sites after drinking 1% (w/v) citric acid. A maximal decrease in pH to values of 2–3 was observed after 1 min followed by a slower recovery which was above pH 5.5 within 2 min at the former site and in 4–5 min at the latter site. A sharp rise in parotid saliva flow rate was seen at 1 min after drinking the same concentration of citric acid by glass, straw or feeder cup, which returned to resting levels within 6 min although the fall-off of flow rate was slower with the feeder cup. Thus, after dietary acid intake the pH at the surface of the dentition is below the critical pH for enamel dissolution for shorter periods than previously suggested, which is probably a reflection of salivary neutralisation and wash

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262373

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plaque pH was measured using a glass combination pH microelectrode of plaque deposits lining the trough of an intra-oral appliance which contained single sections of human teeth with artificial enamel lesions. Plaque exposure to a 10% sucrose solution produced significantly lower plaque pH levels than a solution of sorbitol gum extract. The subsequent flow of saliva over the plaque/pH electrode interface resulted in a significant and rapid increase in pH. Repeat experiments, using deionised water instead of saliva, demonstrated no increase in pH at the plaque/electrode interface. This system may provide a convenient method of producing plaque suitable for repeated pH analysis in intimate association with artificial enamel lesions. This may permit further study of the relationship between plaque acidogenicity, salivary buffering capacity and mineral change within the incipient enamel lesion.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262374

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger