ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nine healthy men trained one leg under normobaric (N) conditions (N‐leg), the other leg under hypobaric (H; 572 mmHg) conditions (H‐leg) each one 30 min, 3–4 times per week for 4 weeks at 65% of the one‐legged maximal work load that could be performed for 2 min (Wmax). They performed one‐legged exercise tests to fatigue before and after the training period under N conditions at a load corresponding to 80% of one‐leggedWmax. Muscle biopsies were taken before training from one leg and after training both from the N‐leg and the H‐leg at rest and after 15‐min exercise and analysed for high‐energy phosphates and glycogen and their degradation products. Training under N as well as under H conditions improved local energy balance in the leg (less lactate and inosine monophosphate accumulation). However, a discrepancy was found between the previously demonstrated greater increase in local oxidative potential in the H‐leg than in the N‐leg and the local energy balance during submaximal exercise, which improved less in the H‐leg than in the N‐leg (lower energy charge and higher adenosine monophosphate content). Despite less improved local energy balance after 15 min of exercise, the time to fatigue was s

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Muscle metabolism during one‐legged submaximal exercise executed in a hypobaric chamber (corresponding to 2300 m above sea level) was studied by percutaneous muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis and compared with corresponding data from the other leg, exercising at the same absolute load under normobaric conditions on another Occasion. After 15 min of exercise, the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio was lower and inosine 5‐monophosphate higher in the hypobaric than in the normobaric leg. The possibility is suggested that this metabolic alteration stimulates increased expression of oxidation‐related mitochondrial enzymes. Despite this sign of energy depletion, there was no indication of increased glycolysis. A tendency to increased citrate concentration in the hypobaric leg could suggest an increased mobilization and utilization of fat, which auld have counteracted any stimulating effect on the glycolytic

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 2‐week training period 2000 meters above sea level performed by 6 male elite Swedish runners influenced neither basal anabolic (total and non‐sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG)‐bound testosterone (NST) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) nor catabolic (cortisol) hormones when comparing serum levels prior to and after the training camp. The anabolicvscatabolic hormone balance, expressed as the NST: cortisol ratio, also remained unchanged as well as SHBG and body mass. Thus, training at 2000 meters above sea level, often practised by elite runners to improve performance in competition at sea level, does not result in a catabolic situation after return to sea level, as measured by peripheral hormones. However, the adaptation to high altitude was associated with a slight (NS) decrease in testosterone as well as in anabolicvscatabolic balance as measured the third day at high altitude. Simultaneously, a decrease in subjective performance was claimed by the runners, but could not be shown by objective measurements. From day 3 to day 9 at high altitude, all runners claimed a subjective recuperation of performance. Total and non‐SHBG‐bound testosterone increased significantly from day 3 at high altitude to the first post‐camp sea‐level test. The results reflect the necessity of adaptation when travelling to races at different altitudes. The Swedish runners had significantly higher cortisol, total testosterone and NST levels compared with basal values of a group of 17 elite Kenyan runners living and training at high altitude. Since the NST cortisol and IGF‐1 values were not lower, a catabolic state or malnutrition was not likely to be present. The results might reflect an adaptation to altitu

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six male well trained cross‐country skiers were exposed to 6 d of training 4 h/d at an altitude of 2700 m. Living quarters were at 2000 m. Measurements of serum‐erythropoietin concentration ([EPO]), erythrocyte‐ 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG), haemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), body mass (BM) and resting heart rate (HR) were made before, during and after moderate‐altitude training. Total body haemoglobin (THB) was determined before and after altitude training. Plasma volume (PV) was calculated from THB, PCV and HB. The daily EPO production was calculated from [EPO]and PV. Moderate‐altitude EPO production at days 2, 3 and 6 was significantly higher than prealtitude levels. DPG increased significantly at moderate altitude. Pre‐altitude and moderate‐altitude EPO productionvsDPG were correlated. Moderate‐altitude levels of BM decreased, PV increased and HB decreased (NS). During moderate‐altitude training, DPG exerts a certain feedback regulation of EPO production. The temporal courses of [EPO] and EPO production at moderate altidude are not affected by

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine resting serum erythropoietin concentrations (S‐[epo]) in endurance‐trained sea‐level residents 2 week after arrival at moderate altitude as well as after descent to sea level, and in endurance‐ and strength‐trained residents at moderate altitude. S‐[epo]concentrations were determined in 2 groups of non‐altitude‐acclimatized endurance‐trained athletes normally living at sea level (group UAET, 20 men and 7 women, and group UACCS, 14 men and 6 women); and 2 groups of altitude‐acclimatized athletes, all long‐term residents at 1900 m above sea level (strength‐trained judo athletes, group AST 10 men and 11 women, and endurance‐trained athletes, group AET, 10 men and 10 women). Hematocrit (Hct) but not S‐[ep] was significantly higher in pup AET than group AST Resting S‐[epo]in group UAET was determined l,2,7, and 14 d after arrival from sea level to 1900 m above sea level. The Hct increased significantly from day 1 to day 7 in the women of group UAET. The Hct of the males in group UAET did not change significantly throughout the 2 weeks at altitude. The women in group UAET showed a significant decrease in S‐[epo] from day 1 to day 7, The S‐[epo]in the men of group UAET did not change from day 1 to day 2, but decreased significantly from day 2 to day 14. Resting S‐[epo] in group UACCS was obtained before and at the end of the 2‐week training period at high‐altitude and after high‐altitude training. Only the UACCS men had, in comparison with sea‐level S‐[epo], similar S‐[epo] after 2 weeks of high‐altitude training and significantly lower S‐[epo]2 d, but not 9 or 19 d after descent to sea level. These data indicate similar resting S‐[epo] levels in acclimatized endurance‐ and strength‐trained athletes, although the former group had higher Hct than the latter. In non‐altitude‐acclimatized endurance athletes, S‐[epo]increased the ht days at altitude and thereafter decreased to similar S‐[epo] as at sea level after 2 weeks of altitude training. After descent to sea level, S‐[epo]de

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between personality traits, habitual physical activity and musculoskeletal pain among employees of a psychiatric maximum security hospital and of a state penitentiary were analyzed using data from a compound self‐report questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised items from the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Epa), the Örebro questionnaire for musculoskeletal pain (ÖQ) and items concerning physical activity. A total of 122 (85%) employees filled in the questionnaire. There were no differences in physical activity, body mass index (BMI) or pain between the psychiatric hospital and prison employees. There was no association between physical activity and musculoskeletal pain. At the aggregate level, physical activity was positively associated with indices of extraversion and negatively with indices of anxiety. A discriminant analysis suggested that subjects with low back pain had an increased frequency of sick leave, more cervical as well as hip pa a higher BMI and higher scores in indices of social conform

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral condyle of the knee in 3 patients was treated with periosteal transplantation. The cavities were curetted to cancellous bone and a tibial periosteal graft was lined to the excavation and fixed with human tissue glue (Tisseel R). By clinical and radiographic follow‐up, we find this modality of treatment as a hopeful prospect in severe cases, though a demarcation of indication is still a challenge for investigatio

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sports haematuria is a well recognized phenomenon whose mechanisms have also been well established. In this study, judo practitioners carried out a quite strenuous throwing exercise, each judoka executed 80–100 falls. There was no haematuria in any of the 39 judokas, whether the 4.5‐cm‐thick judo mats were placed on a wooden floor or on a concrete one. The occurrence of haematuria must always be taken seriously and as an abnormal phenomenon on an individual

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of blunt abdominal trauma in soccer is reported A forward player sustained a rupture of the distal duodenum in a collision with the opposing team's goalkeeper. The injured player had abdominal pain radiating to the back and a sustained high pulse but no sign of shock or peritonitis. The x‐ray diagnosis was followed by emergency surgery and uneventful recovery. Injuries from blunt abdominal trauma occur rarely in sports. In soccer, the most frequently injury from this type of trauma is abdominal wall contusion, followed by injuries to the kidneys and spleen. However, death has also been reported in soccer. Athletes sustaining blunt trauma to the upper abdomen should be carefully monitored due to the risk of possible severe intra‐abdominal injur

ISSN:0905-7188    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1992.tb00317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY