ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The immune system is a complex network of components functioning to provide host defense. This network consists of immunologic cells and their products (e.g., interleukins and colony‐stimulating factors), organs, tissues, complement, and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These components are organized into specific and nonspecific immune systems, the major functional activities of which include antigen presentation and cell‐mediated cytotoxic

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hematopoiesis begins with the pluripotent stem cell in the marrow and culminates in mature, functional red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the circulation. The process consists of a complex and well‐orchestrated sequence of cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, that is stimulated and regulated by a host of cytokines and hormones. The various growth factors act individually and in concert at different stages of hematopoiesis and have important effects on mature cell functio

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recombinant human colony‐stimulating factors (CSFs) have potential for wide use in the areas of oncology and infectious disease. Granulocyte CSF and granulocyte‐macrophage CSF currently are approved for use in the treatment of neutropenia associated with standard‐dose cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, respectively. Other settings in which these agents have shown promise are dose‐intensive chemotherapy, enhancement of progenitor cell support, primary and acquired neutropenias, myelodysplasia, aplastic anemia, and cytopenias associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or myelosuppressive therapies for such infection or related conditions. Clinical findings in these areas are encouraging, and potential exists for additional applications of t

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) generally are rapidly eliminated from the blood after intermittent intravenous infusion. Subcutaneous administration of these agents results in lower peak concentrations but is associated with prolonged systemic exposure. Elimination of the factors appears to occur by several mechanisms, including white blood cell receptor‐mediated endocytosis, metabolism by proteases, and urinary excretion by glomerular filtration with subsequent reabsorption and catabolism. The pattern and route of elimination are affected by type of factor and dosage, degree of glycosylation, renal function, and number of white blood cell receptors for the particular CSF. Granulocyte CSF and GM‐CSF are approved for use in patients with nonmyeloid malignancy who are receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and those undergoing highdose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, respectively. In these indications, treatment generally is initiated no earlier than 24 hours after chemotherapy and continued beyond the expected chemotherapy‐associated neutrophil count nadir. Limited information suggests that subcutaneous administration is more effective than intermittent intravenous infusion. The latter may require the addition of albumin to ensure stability. Storage and handling guidelines include preventing exposure to extreme temperatures and avoiding excessive agitation

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rapid development and emergence into the marketplace of therapeutic and diagnostic biotechnology products pose a considerable challenge to pharmacists, particularly in light of economic strictures wrought by changes in the health care field. At the same time, the pharmacy profession is moving to a position of greater involvement and responsibility in the clinical management of drug therapy. These changes mandate that pharmacists become strategic thinkers, capable of designing and implementing plans that can integrate biotechnology products into their institutions' practices in a way that both enhances patient care and maintains or promotes financial stability. A strategic plan model incorporating the components of environmental scanning and strategy formulation, implementation, and analysis can be applied to the recombinant colony‐stimulating factor

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY