ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of expressing patient outcome are compared using two staging systems: localized, regional, and distant (LRD) and the TNM of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Expressing patient outcome depends on the staging system used. There is overlap between the stage definitions of the LRD and the TNM. A single stage in the LRD may include more than one stage grouping of the TNM and vice versa. For most sites, “localized” provides lower survival rates than stage I of the TNM. The TNM provides more precise information about prognosis because its definitions reflect the latest survival information and diagnostic technology. Time trends can be measured only with the LRD because of its stability over the years. The precision of the TNM has been achieved at the expense of time trend analysis. The LRD is usually not an acceptable end point for the assessment of early cancer detection. © 1992 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is a great deal of indirect, nonexperimental evidence that a pattern of earlier‐stage disease at diagnosis has a better outcome. Increased early detection activities can change, these stage patterns while various biases and the question of generalizability need to be kept in mind in their interpretation. The indirect evidences of possible benefit from early detection activities includes an increase in the number of cases detected, a pattern of more early‐ and less advanced‐stage cases, an increase in the overall site‐specific survival rate, and a decrease in the case fatality rate. Unless these intermediate markers are favorable, it is unlikely that early detection will reduce mortality. In addition, one should also differentiate a reduced incidence or a change in treatment as a cause for reduced mortality. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRevised staging systems for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, the major salivary glands, and the thyroid are presented. The staging has been accepted by both the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer and is gaining worldwide acceptance. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA better understanding of the locoregional and systemic approaches to breast cancer over the past decade and one‐half has altered the perspective on surgical management of the axilla. An increased awareness of the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate staging has focused further attention on the extent of resection of axillary lymph nodes. Examined here are the anatomy and physiology of the axillary lymph nodes, their clinical evaluation, the significance of histologic evaluation, a discussion of the procudure's role in staging and therapy, and a presentation of the complications of axillary lymph node dissection. It is in this light that we discuss the extent of axillary lymphadenectomy in early diagnosis of breast cancer. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile staging systems may seem complicated and cumbersome at times, they are designed to stratify patients into groups by prognosis and treatment. This article reviews the staging of lung cancer and esophageal cancer, and it shows how this classification translates into different treatment plans based upon this staging. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA chronological overview of the various staging systems for colorectal cancer is presented in an effort to demonstrate the reason for the current state of confusion. The Dukes 1932 system is considered to be the gold standard because of its simplicity and accuracy and is the system most often referred to in the literature. Number of positive nodes and depth of invasion are two variables that have been found to be predictors of survival. In the future, other prognostic factors such as nuclear morphology, flow cytometric characteristics, histological grade, and vascular or lymphatic invasion may also be entered into the staging equation. Use of the TNM system at this time is recommended since it most completely describes appropriate prognostic factors and allows conversion of other staging systems into a common format. Future modifications could logically evolve from the TNM system. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe majority of the common pediatric cancers are managed on clinical protocols and are treated in pediatric oncology centers. For this reason these neoplasms are being staged by a variety of protocols depending on the protocol study. Examples of the evaluation and currently used staging systems for Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma are presented. The goal is to develop a nationally accepted staging system for these common pediatric tumors that is broadly accepted for treatment planning, determining prognosis, and comparing institutional end results. It is obvious that, if a nationally accepted staging system is to evolve, the leadership of the existing national clinic research trials must be part of the process. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe proper management of soft tissue sarcomas, that offering the highest cure rate while attempting limb sparing should the extremities be involved, requires a standard approach best achieved with the TNM classification. Such staging of the sarcomatous lesion is based primarily on the histologic grade, followed by size and finally histologic classification. The definitive approach is surgical, with muscle group dissection employed at all sites, including the extremities, trunk, and head and neck region. Radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy improves survival in all high‐grade lesions at risk for recurrence. Evaluation of the primary and recurrent lesion by computed tomography, magnetic resonance when necessary, and angiography offers the best approach for evaluation of the lesion in treatment planning. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of the tumor registrar in TNM staging has not been clearly defined. This paper shows how this can be clarified in individual hospital cancer programs and how the tumor registrar serves as a key member of the cancer team in implementing physician TNM staging. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980080211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY