摘要:

AbstractAs the first part of an experimental investigation of the transport of shaped solids through pipelines, laboratory studies have been made on the transport of single cylindrical and spherical capsules by a stream of water, the capsules having the same density as the water. The studies were concerned with the effects of water velocity and capsule/pipe diameter ratio on the velocity of both cylindrical and spherical capsules, and also with the effects of capsule length/diameter ratio and end‐shape on the velocity of cylindrical capsules.The investigation was carried out in a 35‐ft. horizontal length of 1 1/4 in. diameter transparent acrylic plastic pipe. The velocity of the capsules was found to vary from 1.05 to about 1.5 times the average water velocity, which ranged from 0.20 to 12.15 ft./sec. A decrease of diameter increased the velocity of both cylindrical and spherical capsules relative to the average water velocity. Increasing the length of cylindrical capsules had a similar effect, while an ellipsoidal nose increased the velocity of smaller diameter cylindrical capsules, but the effect on the largest diameters was negligible. The presence of a capsule appeared to delay the onset of turbulence in the annulus between the capsule and the pipe wall to a much higher value of Reynolds number than would hold in unobstructed fluid f

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of the temperature distribution in a laminar annular two‐phase liquid‐liquid flow inside a semi‐infinite circular pipe is given. Graetz's general approach is adopted here so that the arbitrary temperature distribution at the inlet of the pipe is expressed by a series of eigenfunctions. The discontinuities in the physical properties of the fluids at their interface are accommodated by utilizing Graetz's method in a modified form.Attention is focused on the case where the less viscous fluid forms a thin annular film adjacent to the wall. It is shown that in order to heat a viscous oil it is more effective to allow the oil to flow inside a thin water annulus. As compared with the usual method of fuel oil heating, the system proposed has the advantages of improved surface conductivity as well as a reduced pressure gradient (due to the reduced viscosity of the water l

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBed to wall heat transfer in spouted beds has been investigated in vertical 6‐ and 3‐in. columns using polyethylene, polystyrene, wheat, rice, millet, Timothy seeds or Ottawa sands as the bed material.Measurements indicate that the heat transfer coefficient,h, increases with increasing mass velocity of the air,G, up to the point of spouting. During spouting,his independent ofG, the column diameter and the orifice diameter, but increases with increasing diameter and heat capacity of the particles, and decreases with increasing bed height. The value ofhvaries from 10 to 24 Btu./(hr.) (sq.ft.) (°F.). A dimensional analysis has been used to correlate the data.Under similar conditions,his from 10 to 66% lower for a spouted bed than for a fluidized bed, butGrequired for spouting varies from 35 to 55% of that for obtaining the maximum heat transfer in a fluidized

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPart 2, of two articles, outlines a finite‐difference computing scheme for the reactor model of Part 1, based on implicit backward differences for linear terms and explicit evaluation of non‐linear terms. The chemical system,vAA→B→vCC, withBthe desired product, is examined through case studies to find sources of chemical yield loss. The system is gas phase, with exothermic reactions and Arrhenius temperature activation.Under moderate reaction conditions: 1. Activation energy differences cause yield losses of 4–8%. 2. Radial mixing causes yield losses up to 6%. 3. Failure to withdraw the stream where local yields are maximum causes yield losses larger than 1%.A technique for reactor design by simulation is

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of a new semi‐continuous method for operation of a fixed bed contactor is described. The technique, termed reciprocating flow, utilizes density differences to achieve the shunting of solutions in alternating directions through a fixed bed.One of the possible flow arrangements was investigated using a strong acid ion exchanger and the calcium/sodium system. It was found that the technique was feasible for the partial removal (80–60%) of calcium from solutions having concentrations ranging from 400 to 2000 ppm. of calcium carbonate.Regenerant consumption and water requirements compare favourably with present commercial practice. However, a small regenerant leak of 1–14 meq./l. into the solution is unavoidable. Resin bed and column heights can be made a small fraction of those presently used in commercial installations.Analyses of some of the important factors limiting efficiency indicate that highly concentrated solutions may be effectively treated by the reciprocating flow tech

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe oxidation of sodium sulphite on a single sieve plate has been studied. Absorption rate data for the uncatalysed reaction suggest that the reaction rate constant,ko, is substantially greater than that reported in the literature. For the reaction catalysed by cobalt sulphate, the rate constant at 68°F. is given by:\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{C''} = 1.1 \times 10^4 \{1 + 1.53 \times 10^5 (C_C)^{0.59} \} \,{\rm ft}.^3 /{\rm lb}.\,{\rm mole},\,{\rm sec}. $$\end{document}Evidence is presented of the dependence of the ratio of the mass transfer coefficients with and without reaction, ϕ, on the ratioCS/CA;when reactant concentrations and the reaction rate are such that diffusional effects in the liquid control the mass transfer rat

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe gas hydrates of sulphur hexafluoride have been studied in the temperature interval from about −9°C. to 15°C. A quadruple point containing the four phases hydrate, water rich liquid, sulphur hexafluoride rich liquid, and vapor was found to exist at 14.0° C. and 293 lb./sq.in.abs. The pressure‐temperature data in the vicinity of 0°C. was used to show that the sulphur hexafluoride hydrate contains 17.02 moles of water per mole of sulphur hexafluoride. The difference in chemical potential between water in the hydrate lattice for Structure II and in ice calculated from this composition was found to be 211 cal/gm mole of water.Hydrates in the methane‐sulphur hexafluoride‐water system were studied at −3°C. over the full range of composition from 10.6 to 342 lb./sq.in.abs. Agreement between the experimental and predicted composition of the vapor and hydrate phases provides excellent confirmation of the applicability of the solution theory of hydrate formation to the methane‐sulphur hex

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY