摘要:

AbstractA new type of mixer‐settler is described wherein the heavy liquid phase is spouted upward through a depth of light liquid phase and allowed to settle below the light phase. The method does not require mechanical agitation, allows both mixing and settling to occur continuously in the same chamber, and is simple in design.Optimum conditions have been determined for bench‐scale extraction of benzoic acid from toluene by means of a water spout. Independent variables studied were water rate, toluene rate, spout pipe diameter and wall effect. Dependent variables measured were spout height, spout spread, initial entrainment points and stage efficiency. Murphree spoutedphase efficiencies up to 96% were obtai

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPredicted continuous phase mass transfer coefficients for fluid and solid spheres in the Stokes region of flow are correlated as Sherwood numbers plotted against Peclet numbers. These correlations permit a study of the effect of internal circulation on the rate of mass transfer from fluid spheres. At a Peclet number of 104, the theory predicts a threefold increase in transfer due to the circulation movements within a gas bubble. At a Peclet number below 10−2, the difference between a circulating and non‐circulating (or solid) sphere is indiscernible.The analysis presented in this paper for fluid spheres is based on a study by Friedlander(1)of mass transfer around solid spheres. A more elaborate concentration profile through the boundary layer has been used in the present investigation and the result reported for solid spheres differs about 8% from that given by Friedlander.The more interesting details of the mathematical treatment and the machine computation of the resulting differential equations are inclu

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA frequency response method is examined as a possible experimental method for the simultaneous determination of liquid mixing, plate efficiency, vapor‐liquid equilibrium, and liquid holdup on a single bubble tray. The method depends upon the introduction of sinusoidal fluctuations in the concentration of a species in the liquid and vapor fed to the plate and the measurement of the induced concentration variations of the same species in the effluent liquid. It is applicable to multi‐component systems.The analytical results used to interpret the measurements are based on a linearized model. Despite this idealization, systems exhibiting marked curvature of the liquid‐vapor equilibrium relation are adequately represented. Systems showing very significant enthalpy effects are treated quantitatively when the liquid on the plate is perfectly mixed. This is done with the aid of the “signal flow graph” technique.With incompletely mixed plate liquid, mathematical difficulties have so far prevented the quantitative interpretation of measurements of the frequency response when enthalpy effects are large. At present it appears that the frequency response technique is limited to perfectly mixed plates, i.e., to small laboratory sized plates, or to incompletely mixed systems in which the heat effects are small, i.e., gas absorption plates and distillation systems in which the volatilities and latent heats of all components are of comparable

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe horizontal flow of equal density oil‐water mixtures was investigated in a 1‐inch diameter laboratory pipeline. Oils of viscosities 6.29, 16.8 and 65.0 centipoise were used in the experiments. Flow patterns, holdup ratios and pressure gradients were investigated for a range of superficial oil velocity from 0.05 to 3.0 ft./sec. and a range of superficial water velocity from 0.1 to 3.5 ft./sec, with input oil‐water ratios ranging from 0.1 to 10.0.Similar series of flow patterns were observed for each oil and were found to be largely independent of the oil viscosity. At high oil‐water ratios oil formed the continuous phase and a water‐drops‐in‐oil regime was noted. As the oil‐water ratio was decreased the flow patterns concentric oil‐in‐water, oil‐slugs‐in‐water, oil‐bubbles‐in‐water and oil‐drops‐in‐water in which water was the continuous phase were observed. The most viscous oil did, however, exhibit anomalous behavior at low superficial water velocities and this is attributed to different interfacial properties.The pressure drops measured indicated that for a given oil flow rate the pressure gradient was reduced to a minimum by the addition of water provided that the oil was not in turbulent flow. Maximum pressure gradient reduction factors varied from 1.7 for the 6.29 centipoise viscosity oil to 10 for the 65.0 centipoise viscosity oil at input oil‐w

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theoretical study of the countercurrent flow of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase resulted in the following equation relating holdup X to the flow rates of the two phases.\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ A\left({\frac{{U_C}}{{U_D}}} \right)^{2 - n} \left({\frac{X}{{1 - X}}} \right)^3 + B = \frac{{X^3}}{{U_D ^{2 - n}}} $$\end{document}For packed towers this equation has been used in the following form:\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{X^3}}{{U_D ^{1.5}}} = A'\frac{{U_C ^r}}{{U_D ^{1.5}}}\left({\frac{X}{{1 - X}}} \right)^3 + B' $$\end{document}Values ofA', B', andrfor three liquid pairs, and two packing types are reported, using new holdup data determined in this research.Graphical correlations are shown and values ofrare reported for some of the data of Gayler and Pratt.For spray towers the equation suggested a correlation of\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{X^3}}{{U_D ^{1.8}}} $\end{document}against the group\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{U_C ^{0.2}}}{{U_D ^{1.8}}}\left({\frac{X}{{1 - X}}} \right)^3 $\end{document}This has been tested using data previously published by one of the authors.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy comparing the respective difference equations of heat conduction through a homogeneous and non‐homogeneous media, an approximate analogy is established. This analogy enables the finding of the solution of conduction through a non‐homogeneous medium in terms of the known solution for homogeneous cases. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the working deta

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe minimum concentrations of xanthate dusts in air which will form explosive mixtures have been determined. Comparison with other dusts considered to be hazardous industrially indicates that xanthates of the lower alcohols should be classified as readily explosive. The explosive limit increases rapidly with particle size; dusts coarser than 150 mesh are relatively safe. Xanthate dusts are easily ignited and have very low ignition temperatures. Under conditions such that fine wood flour ignites at 540°C. the xanthates will ignite between 230°C. and 290

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described which permits measurement of the exterior surface areas of objects down to about 0.1 sq. in. in area. In this method, the object is coated with an adhesive and a single layer of small metal particles. The change in weight gives a measure of the external area of the object.Systematic variations in the density of the metal particle coating are discussed, and appropriate correction factors are given.This method is intended for use in research that involves objects whose exterior surface areas have an effect on the process being investigated. Examples are the drying of agricultural grains and foodstuffs, the comminution of ores and chemicals, and the hydraulic and pneumatic transport of materials.The precision of the method is adequate, the root‐mean‐square error being about

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY