摘要:

AbstractThe influence of the congressional budget process on the formulation of agricultural and food program legislation has been generally ignored by policy researchers. In 1981, that budget process imposed spending limitations on agricultural programs to be reauthorized and thereby directly affected the structure of farm policy embodied in the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981. This article examines the legislative actions leading to creation of that act and analyzes the influence of the budget process on those legislative actions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240331

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContrary to predictions from the new household economics theory and heuristic thought, income earned by wives working full time did not increase the marginal propensity to consume food away from home. Tobit estimates of the same propensity from other income sources in married U.S. households in 1978 showed that income earned by part‐time working wives and children, asset income, and transfer payments increased this propensity above that from husband's labor income. Whites had higher expenditures, higher marginal propensities to consume, and lower income elasticities for food away from home than nonwhites.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240332

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experiment involving weekly newspaper publication of comparative food store prices in four U.S. cities stimulated competitive pricing behavior without reinforcement from consumer patronage shifts. Costs of a fixed, 100‐item market basket fell, relative to control markets, an average of two percent during publication and recovered with termination of the reports. Responses varied among cities, stores, and product categories. Price dispersion was not affected. While consumers judged the information to be useful and accurate, it did not induce changes in their perceptions or shopping patterns. Grocer responses were attributed to the publicity value of the price reports.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240333

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe share of patronage refunds retained by an agricultural cooperative is modeled as arising from the portfolio decision of its median member. The member is viewed as maximizing expected utility by allocating wealth between investments in farming assets and equity in the cooperative. Determinants of the share of patronage refunds retained are the expected rates of return on these two investments, their variances, their covariance, and the expected future share of patronage and its variance. Empirical examinations of aggregate cooperative data and cross‐section analysis of seventeen regional supply cooperatives are found to be consistent with the model.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240334

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Wet Fractionation System nearly eliminates the risk of weather damage and harvesting delays by substituting mechanical dewatering for field drying in the low moisture silage harvesting process. Bid prices for the wet fractionation are estimated based on stochastic dominance over conventional techniques. Results indicate that the wet fractionation system has significant potential only on large, highly productive Wisconsin dairy farms, but has little economic potential for the majority of dairy farms.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240335

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuality theory motivates a translog expected profit function consistent with multiple products, price uncertainty, preseason climate constraints, acreage control policies, and possibly nonhomothetic technology. Although multiple outputs are allowed, enterprise specific data is not necessary. Instead, time‐series measures of output revenues and expected prices, input expenses and prices, and fixed input flows are employed. Appropriate measures of elasticities of choice, returns to size, and biases in technological change are derived. Results indicated decreasing returns to size, rather limited, though complementary, responsiveness of choices to price changes, and the nature of biases in technological changes.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240336

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFixed factors in the international grain‐marketing system reduce flexibility and make adjustment to variable trade volumes difficult. A theoretical model is used to show how this causes marketing costs with trade instability to exceed those occurring under stability. Also, it is demonstrated that the marketing system increases the adverse effects of price variation on importers and exporters. Supporting empirical evidence, primarily dealing with ocean shipping, is presented. The results suggest that stable trade volumes may reduce marketing costs significantly. Thus, the marketing system should be considered in questions dealing with instability in the international grain trade.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240337

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolicy variables are typically treated as exogenous variables in agricultural commodity models. In this paper evidence that policy variables can be successfully endogenized in a world trade model of the soybean/rapeseed and products market is presented. Minimum price support equations are estimated for U.S., Brazilian, and Japanese soybeans, and EC and Japanese rapeseed. Macroeconomic indicator variables are used to capture the impact of nontariff barriers in Brazil and Japan domestic‐world price link equations. Simulation experiments are conducted which indicate that the model with endogenous policy variables performs well in comparison with a model which treats policy exogenously.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240338

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability of agricultural decision makers to formulate logical expectations about the outcome of risky events in crop production and marketing is investigated. Measures of Northern Thailand farmers' perceptions of yield, price, and net income are attempted using an elicitation approach which includes a significant monetary reward. This approach is found to be feasible. The expectations derived are logical and consistent when compared to harvest results and farmers' actual production practices. Farmers' expectations about sources of risk and the correlation of socioeconomic characteristics with expectation accuracy are analyzed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240339

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy introducing soil depth and soil loss into a simple model of agricultural production, this paper seeks to determine when the private path of erosion differs from the socially optimal path. Considering the depletion of soil only and abstracting from the environmental disruption caused by erosion, the paper argues that under most institutional arrangements the social and private rates of erosion are the same. The paper concludes that public policy should be directed toward reducing erosion only when it leads to significant pollution externalities.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240340

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY