摘要:

AbstractMechanical deboning is a technology that allows red meat packers and processors to recover fragments of meat that are left on the bones of carcasses after hand trimming. The economic impact of alternative public policies, ranging from a ban on the use of mechanically deboned meat to a free market approach, is analyzed with a simultaneous equations supply‐demand model of the markets for table and processed beef and pork. The results indicate that the loss in economic welfare to society, as well as the price and quantity effects associated with present restrictions, are not insignificant.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239466

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic model of farm and retail prices and quantities. Central to the model is the notion that increases in wholesale prices are transmitted to the retail level via markup‐type pricing behavior. This behavior is shown to be consistent with firm optimization under the assumption of constant returns to scale and Leontief production technology at the retail level. The markup hypothesis is tested using the Granger‐Sims causality tests. Markup‐type price relationships are then estimated for twenty‐two food commodities.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239467

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEconometric analysis of the grain sector of Brazil shows that P.L. 480 wheat imports have had a positive impact on grain production. This was due primarily to government wheat import and domestic price support programs whereby revenues gained from wheat imports may be used to support domestic grain producers. The positive production impact must, however, be balanced against the negative effects of P.L. 480 on commercial wheat imports and the potential disruptions of world wheat markets.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239468

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlanted wheat acreage supply elasticities are estimated for each of several leading wheat‐producing states. Estimates of elasticities for the aggregate of these states are 0.77, 0.45, and 0.52 for spring wheat, winter wheat, and all wheat, respectively, but there is considerable heterogeneity among states. Acreage allotments and marketing quotas appear to have destroyed the role of prices in allocating acreage between wheat and other crops during the years 1950 and 1954–64. Estimates were obtained using multiple regression analysis of time‐series data for the period 1948–74. This period was subdivided in order to take account of changing farm programs.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239469

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evidence suggests that an aggregate cost function and, hence, an aggregate production function for Canadian agriculture exists. Furthermore, growth in Canadian agriculture has been primarily associated with economies of scale rather than with factor‐augmenting technical change. A nonhomothetic dual cost function is used to derive explicitly the system of four input demand equations (labor, capital, land and structures, and intermediate inputs) using time‐series data for the period 1946–77. Estimates of the own‐price elasticities and of the Hicks‐Allen elasticities of substitution among the input pairs are also provided.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239470

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a method to quantify social benefits of basic need policies by (a) relating their definition to the degree of fulfillment of accepted social standards, and (b) recasting the analysis of basic need projects within the general framework of shadow pricing in cost‐benefit analysis. An empirical application of this method shows that in poor countries, the attempt at upholding a standard of minimum food consumption for the poor would put substantial premiums on food production over and above world (or domestic supply) prices provided that the increased food supply results in sufficiently higher consumption for the undernourished.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239471

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA health systems model allowing analysis of multiple services including spatial and monetary considerations is presented. Several behaviorally reasonable objective functions reflecting possible goals of the health planner are minimized using mixed integer linear programming. Under the different objective functions, the values of these functions increased little from their optimal value. Sensitivity analysis showed the solution to be quite sensitive to assumptions about migration and treatment practices while birth rates and travel costs have less impact. Use of the model is aided by health planners' use of data at their disposal.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239472

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe move toward public decision making based on multiple objective analysis has occurred largely during the past decade. During this brief interval dozens of techniques have been advanced for this purpose. The class of (generating) techniques which do not require prior articulation of preferences and which provide alternative solutions rather than a single optimum is characterized and compared to goal programming. Goal programming, as generally employed, seeks a single optimum solution given an articulated set of targets and priorities on the relevant objectives. Four criteria were used in this comparison and neither approach was found to be unambiguously superior.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239473

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAgricultural investment projects may generate important downstream benefits for the regions in which they are located. Using a semi‐input‐output model of the regional economy, an attempt is made to quantify the downstream benefits generated by an irrigation project in Malaysia. In aggregate the project's downstream effects on regional income were of an order similar to its direct effects, but the main beneficiaries of the downstream benefits were the nonfarm households. Each dollar of downstream income probably was supported by just over a dollar of additional investment in the local economy.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239474

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe question, “Why use a mathematical programming model at the sectoral level?” is addressed. To address this question, discussion is presented mathematically and verbally upon mathematical programming sector models in which both price and quantity are endogenous variables. The discussion covers both the theoretical properties and the empirical concerns which must be faced in applying such models. Discussion is also presented upon the usefulness of the modeling approach for policy analysis. Selected bibliograpic citations' use of the approach in policy analysis are given.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239475

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY