摘要:

AbstractIn spite of the many developments that have occurred in agricultural economics, it is only barely a science and will have difficulty improving its scientific standing. Science is characterized by an ability to predict real world occurrences with an acceptable degree of warrantability. Agricultural economics cannot do this now primarily because the actors in its models are endowed with a greater portion of omniscience than living man can claim and because they are clothed by their analysts with a rationality defined too simply as maximization of an uncomplex criterion. To prescribe for decision makers in the real world demands large elements of the artist in the counselor, calling on him to analyze and advise with experience, knack, ingenuity as well as with empirically verifiable knowledge. Agricultural economics is as much or more an art as it is a science in the service of unquestionable value it renders to policy.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236148

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author challenges college and university faculties to take a hard, analytical look at their own job specifications in the light of the ultimate objective of university education. The objective is to help young people acquire a basis for building and rebuilding skills through a 50‐year period to meet the demands of a rapidly changing society. The author's reflections lead him to believe that our specification biases result in our giving insufficient attention to the variance among students and the rate of obsolescence of material taught, and further in our placing too low a value on the time of both students and faculty.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236149

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIdeas in this paper were originally presented at a special seminar of the NCR‐20 Regional Marketing committee. These ideas are used in an attempt to provoke thought about a broad eclectic approach to decision‐making research. It is essentially a survey paper and will serve as a good reference particularly for those with limited knowledge in the area. The paper contends that proponents of firm theory and those of business management concepts have matured from their necessary periods of self‐justification and now have much to gain by consolidating forces to tackle some important managerial problems. The opportunity exists for managerial specialists to get help from analysts in marketing structure, learning theory, information theory, managerial motivation and selection, and most other social scientists. Some suggestions are made on specific decision‐making research problem orientations and the appropriateness of given research tools.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236150

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImpressed with the inadequacy of research answers to questions about benefits of marketing research and even more with the reluctance of agricultural economists to accepta priorievidence of such benefits, the authors present provocative observations in an effort to stimulate interest in economic analysis of research and measurement of research results. Suggestions are presented on broadening the bases for inquiry, on kinds of evidence to be found and issues to be met, on criteria for evaluation, and on relevant inquiries that might be pursued. Discussions of spill‐over effects and intersector research bolster a contention that marketing research constitutes an integral part of agricultural research and that it merits public support because a less than socially desirable investment in it is likely to be forthcoming from private sources.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236151

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncluding agriculture in the Kennedy Round of GATT negotiations so that effective reduction of nontariff trade barriers can be achieved is a difficult and controversial task. The current position of the United States government is to favor an access agreement of the general type recently concluded with the British government. This agreement, signed on April 15, 1964, is analyzed for its effectiveness in reducing nontariff barriers to more liberalized agricultural trade. Evaluation of the agreement indicates an absence of specific provision for reduction of trade barriers. The agreement encourages postponement of adjustment toward lower artificial production incentives until sufficient resources have been invested in agriculture to cause increased production. This does not appear to represent a significant reduction in agricultural nontariff barriers in return for U. S. industrial concessions and could present some dangers to liberalized world trade.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236152

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents findings of an inquiry concerning the feasibility of using crop limiting easements as a control of crop production. In the hypothetical program, the federal government would purchase perpetual authority to restrict the use of specific agricultural lands from the production of tilled crops. The participants would enter voluntarily and would retain the right to produce and harvest permanent vegetation or convert the tract to nonagricultural use. The easement approach was compared with hypothetical programs similar to the conservation reserve. The results indicate that production control could be achieved at lower cost with the easement alternative. Another apparent advantage of the easement approach would be economy and ease of administration. Also, the easement rights, because of their permanence, give flexibility by avoiding fixed termination dates.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236153

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore relationships among selected economic, social‐psychological, and personal variables affecting potential mobility in agriculture. Potential mobility was regarded as an attitude, and was defined as the subject's degree of readiness to leave farming. Potential mobility was measured by means of an attitude scale. The influence of the independent variables was examined through the use of association techniques, including a controlled analysis. The statistical analysis supported the hypothesis that potential mobility among farmers is influenced by both economic and noneconomic factors. The most important of these proved to be age, income, and nonfarm work experience. Potential mobility declined with age, was related inversely to income among younger farmers, and increased with nonfarm work experience irrespective of age. It is concluded that improved opportunities for farmers to acquire off‐farm work experience may contribute to the solution of the labor‐transfer problem in agriculture.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236154

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation for explaining the rationality of allocating traditional “farm resources” to nonfarm employment. This is a first step towards including nonfarm employment of farm resources in micro and macro models of structural adjustment and production response to changes in economic stimuli. The theoretical model is developed around the use of operator's labor at the farm level. It demonstrates the conditions under which farm operators can combine farm and nonfarm employment to maximize income and explains, in a familiar theoretical context, the attractiveness of part‐time farming as a permanent or as a transitory organization of resource use.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236155

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the major criteria used to establish the level of prices in Federal Order Markets is the expected output response of producers. This paper is concerned with a method for estimating producer responses to short‐run price changes of the so‐called supply‐demand adjustor type in these markets. The model used differs from many previous studies of output response by incorporating the usual production economics considerations within the marketing restraints of an existing Federal Order Market to provide a spatial supply response. With further aggregating procedures, the model appears to be a useful analytical device for appraising short‐run pricing policies in these markets. Short‐run price changes of the magnitude considered in this study induced extremely limited changes in output but substantial changes in producer incomes. These results seem to indicate that the policy goals of short‐run pricing were not achieved in the Federal Order Market analyzed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236156

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distributional properties of yield and profit for continuous corn production under nitrogen fertilization are investigated, and the mean and variance are estimated as functions of the rate of nitrogen fertilization. It is noted that the variance of profit increases as the rate of fertilization increases. The current expected yield is shown to be a function of previous yield and fertilization history. It is then demonstrated that information on previous yield outcomes may be used to specify a fertilization program which increases mean profit and/or reduces year‐to‐year variance in profit as compared to a fixed rate of application each year.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236157

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY