摘要:

AbstractPrevious analyses of trade and development problems of U. S. agriculture have neglected the role of exchange rate policy. An attempt is made to understand the role of the exchange rate on these problems in a non‐parametric fashion by means of a model of induced technical change. It is argued that the overvaluation of the dollar and the policy measures to combat it aggravated the adjustment problems of U. S. agriculture, especially during the 1950's, and resulted in shifting an important share of the benefits of technical change to the consumer. Moreover the recent devaluation of the dollar constitutes an important structural change for U. S. agriculture.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239342

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical investigation of the importance of risk in decisions. The adaptive expectations geometric lag model is generalized by geometrically including quadratic lag terms indicative of risk. The computation of consistent estimators is described, and the model is applied in the analysis of California field‐crop supply response. Results indicate that the effects of stabilization (possibly associated with government programs) might have seriously offset the acreage‐reducing effects of voluntary acreage restrictions. Finally, more general implications relating to reduced‐form estimation of the standard Nerlovian model are discussed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239343

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dynamic properties of a producer‐government interaction model are investigated to show why the United Kingdom's policy of regulating its agricultural markets by annually adjusting guaranteed prices failed to control persistent fluctuations in supplies, market prices, and subsidy costs of beef and milk during the fifties and sixties. The evidence suggests that governments' responses to undesired movements, particularly in potential milk supplies, were excessive in terms of the magnitudes and frequency of official price adjustments. This emphasized the cyclical tendencies in the beef‐milk economy, which was also susceptible to the destabilizing effects of random milk yield variation.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239344

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Cobweb Theorem and the harmonic motion models are extended and integrated to form a multi‐frequency cobweb model explaining the U. S. hog production cycle. The cycle is estimated by a finite, time‐based Fourier Series allowing amplitude and frequency analysis. Six different cycles are discovered operating simultaneously in the attempt to reach a market equilibrium. An independent distributed lag model is estimated, verifying the fundamental hypothesis of the model. The implication is that improved industry performance can be efficiently achieved by control policies to dampen the harmful long period cycles, leaving the short ones unaffected.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239345

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractShift analysis and the technique of entropy indicate an increase in the strength of rural and small‐town counties competing with urban areas for manufacturing employment during the study period. Increase in the strength of the most rural counties apparently was confined to labor‐oriented industries, but small towns and small cities were successful in attracting industries of varying orientations. Despite the rapid rate of industrialization, rural counties experienced slow or negative population growth; this is attributed to the absence of sizeable employment multiplier effects and to offsetting employment declines in extractive industries. The implication is that considerable potential exists for further rural industrialization.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239346

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method for valuing extra‐market benefits is proposed and tested. The method rests on the empirical derivation of utility functions and indifference maps. Demand schedules were obtained from the indifference maps to provide specific benefit values. The method is compared to the conventional travel‐cost method for valuing recreational benefits. It is argued that the utility approach is cenceptually superior. Also, the utility data comprised both the benefit values from the indifference maps and direct survey responses as surrogates for utility. These data proved better predictors of consumption than the usual travel‐cost variables.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239347

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA declining labor share in agriculture is consistent with an elasticity of substitution between labor and other factors greater than unity. Using cross‐section data drawn from a small sample of Colombian crop farms, this study develops a three‐factor model and estimates the Allen‐Uzawa partial substitution elasticities between the factor‐pairs land, labor, and farm machinery. Both Ordinary and Generalized Least Squares estimation procedures provide elasticity estimates that agree with each other and with the results of recent and related research: a substitution elasticity between labor and machinery (capital) of about one and a half is strongly indicated.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239348

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a dynamic environment with imperfect information, education contributes to production as an “allocative effect,” arising from enhanced ability to acquire and process information efficiently, as well as a “worker effect.” This study focuses on a single dimension of allocative ability: adjustment of Midwestern U. S. farmers to the changing optimum quantity of nitrogen fertilizer in corn production. Results support the hypothesis that rate of adjustment can be explained by economic variables; the rate is positively related to education of farmers, availability of information (agricultural extension), and scale incentive to be informed (acres of corn). Also, education and extension are substitute sources of allocative efficiency.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239349

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNerlovian supply functions are fitted to post‐World War II coffee data for São Paulo, Brazil. Supply shifts are permitted through the use of dummy variables, and recent specifications of irreversible functions are tested. The modified Nerlovian functions perform best from both the economic and statistical point of view.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239350

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model is developed by which the interdependence between livestock supply and inventories is clarified. Data for 1951 to 1971 were used to obtain 3SLS estimates of Canadian supply and stock formation functions for cattle, calves, sheep and lambs, and pigs. Sensitivity of meat production to price and feed cost changes was examined.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239351

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY