摘要:

AbstractRecent energy and environmental problems in U.S. agriculture have stimulated interest in alternative technologies or systems of agricultural production. Large‐scale, mechanized organic farms that use little or no inorganic fertilizers or chemical pesticides may be one such alternative. The crop production on fourteen matched pairs of organic and conventional Corn Belt farms was studied to determine the relative value of crop output, net returns, energy intensiveness, and labor requirements. The results of this preliminary study suggest that organic farming warrants more intensive research.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239604

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUtilization of cropland resources is one of the primary determinants of stream sediment water quality. The management of cropland is one way to improve sediment water quality. Models of the economics and physics of sediment provide insights into the agricultural production system and potential requirements for improved water quality. The application of such a model provides an assessment of the fundamental changes that might be required to accomplish reduced sediment loads through cropland management. The hypothetical water quality policies analyzed give insights into several possible sediment water quality policies.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239605

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe partial welfare effects of alternative erosion control methods, banning insecticides, banning herbicides, and limiting nitrogen fertilizer in the Corn Belt are examined. The estimated welfare effects are partial since they reflect the change in consumers' plus producers' surplus arising from the production and consumption of corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, hay, and pasture but not the environmental benefits associated with pollution abatement or the administrative and enforcement cost of the policies. A large linear programming model of crop production in the Corn Belt was used to make the estimates.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239606

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines production capacity based on measures of farmers' and consumers' behavioral responses to alternative assumed prices. Impacts of inflation on capacity are also examined. A conceptual framework is outlined, analyzed, and applied to alternative scenarios of projected supply‐demand conditions to 1985. Results indicated that long‐range U.S. farm production capacity is unlikely to be challenged by 1985. Farmers have substantial capacity to respond to challenges posed by unfavorable weather or other disturbances at home and abroad. Because demands are expected to remain less than supply potential, unutilized supply capacity is expected to remain high.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239607

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present economic accounting system for the farm production sector fails to measure the personal saving of sector participants and its allocation between financing farm and nonfarm investments. This paper discusses the conceptualization, estimation, and usefulness of two economic accounts covering 1970–75 that provide this information for farm operator families, the largest group of sector participants. These accounts also identify the portion of annual farm capital accumulation financed by internal versus external funds. Analytical ratios illustrating the substantial amounts of equity capital withdrawn to finance nonfarm investments in recent years are presented.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239608

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProposed abandonment of branch rail lines in rural areas has stimulated considerable concern over the impact of abandonment on shippers, receivers, and rural communities. The purpose of this paper is to present estimates of the benefits and the costs of upgrading seventy‐one branch rail lines. A benefit‐cost analysis is used to compare the net benefits with the net costs of upgrading the rail lines. Separate models are utilized to estimate the benefits to grain shippers, fertilizer shippers, and shippers and receivers of all other products from upgrading the branch lines. Benefit‐cost ratios are presented for six alternative solutions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239609

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA futures basis should reflect the marginal cost of physical product plus a risk premium less a convenience yield. However, unique market characteristics may lead to basis bias not explained by the storage theory. An estimate of the basis model for frozen orange concentrate is used to test the theory of storage and to illustrate anticipatory aspects of the basis not included in storage theory.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239610

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContrary to the results of similar studies in metropolitan areas, this investigation found no evidence that local property taxes and public expenditures were capitalized into the value of owner‐occupied homes in small cities despite their considerable dependence upon the property tax. This does not imply that residents of small cities are insensitive to fiscal differences but rather is evidence of the more elastic supply of land for housing in nonmetropolitan communities.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239611

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe formation of economic policy reflects the underlying economic and political structure. A game theoretic approach is employed in formulating the political structure, which is then combined with the economic structure to yield a model of a political economy. The parameters of the model are estimable from observed behavior. A model of the Israeli dairy program is constructed and estimated. The power relations and the structure of the conflict among interest groups are investigated.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239612

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of the European Economic Community's Common Agriculture Policy on world agricultural prices and exports of producing nations is analyzed. CAP reduces demand for agricultural imports, imparting more inelasticity into the world demand for them. Increased inelasticity amplifies price fluctuations born by non‐EEC producers. Results stress the need for incorporating the subject of agricultural protection into the agenda of the current multilateral trade negotiations. Since CAP can amplify fluctuations in world agricultural prices, the system has a direct detrimental effect on non‐EEC producers. CAP's potential for trade restriction, under levies and other protectionist measures, is significant.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239613

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY