摘要:

AbstractPerformance of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in meeting the political preferences of its administrators is highly sensitive to the choice of eligibility, bid solicitation, and bid selection criteria used in making program implementation decisions. Decisions made in the first year of CRP implementation led to suboptimal results; net government cost could have been reduced while simultaneously increasing the extent to which erosion and supply control objectives were met. Simulation of the outcomes for a fully enrolled reserve under alternative implementation schemes indicates that future performance can be improved by manipulating key control variables to directly target preferences.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241970

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConservation behavior is influenced by the attitudes of farmers and by context variables, like income and farm terrain. Important attitudes were selected by using the theory that fundamental value ranks or weights affect attitudes and that only certain values are important to the conservation decision. An extension of the tobit estimation approach, handling both censored observations of the dependent variable and measurement error for the nonlimit observations, was used. Conservation behavior models can be improved with a merger of concepts and approaches from social psychology and economics.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241971

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree commonly used techniques of asking contingent valuation questions are compared: iterative bidding, payment cards, and dichotomous choice. The results reveal that no single contingent valuation technique is neutral in the elicitation of hicksian surplus and each technique has its strengths and weaknesses. The iterative bidding estimates contain a starting point bias, while the payment card and dichotomous choice estimates were influenced by the interviewers soliciting the contingent values. Finally, the analysis of dichotomous choice responses involves unresolved issues that warrant further investigation. On the other hand, dichotomous choice is the easiest technique to administer in a survey setting.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241972

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article compares five methods for estimating travel cost recreation demand models with microdata. The models are distinguished by their treatment of selection effects that arise with on‐site surveys. The comparison considers adjusting for selection effects in a variety of ways, including single and double selection rule models. Both parameter and consumer surplus estimates were evaluated. The findings indicate that the treatment of selection effects alone was not important for this case. However, the choice of an estimator did lead to large variations in per trip consumer surplus estimates.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241973

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDissolved mineral salts (salinity) adversely affects numerous urban and agricultural users of Colorado River water in southwestern United States and in Mexico. More than a third of the salt load is thought to be induced by drainage from irrigated lands onto highly saline groundwater deposits in the Upper Colorado Basin in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Various public policy initiatives are proposed to induce farmers to reduce discharges of this nonpoint pollutant. Taxes on water, water conservation subsidies, and land and water rights purchases are analyzed in a linear programming framework. The allocative efficiency and the distribution of control costs and damages among irrigators, water users, and taxpayers are assessed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241974

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSubstantial improvement is possible in economic returns for the North Carolina bay scallop fishery by delaying the opening of the season beyond its traditional date. A general bioeconomic harvesting model was developed for use in determining the optimal season opening/closing schedule for a seasonal fishery with the control specified as an on/off switch. One hundred and twenty separate scenarios were created by setting five exogenous variables to reasonable alternative values. The optimal season is contrasted with the unregulated case for each scenario. The optimal opening was typically two to three weeks later than the model of past practices.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241975

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstructors in principles courses should consider placing greater emphasis on modern problems and organonic teaching techniques to increase students' proficiency in agricultural economics. These techniques will stimulate student imaginations, modify learning styles toward collaborative and independent learners, and stimulate interest in the subject matter. Unfortunately, recent developments in teaching principles are aphoristic techniques, including programmed learning, television, and computer‐aided instruction. These aphoristic techniques stifle students' imaginations, contribute to a dependent learning style, and fail to stimulate interest in the subject matter. The degree of instructors' adoption of modern problems and organonic techniques depend on their teaching abilities, class size, types of students, and how their courses blend into the curriculum.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241976

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines whether the agricultural loan ratios of rural subsidiaries of large bank holding companies differ from the ratios of other banks in the same rural counties. In each of the years 1975, 1980, and 1985, the ratio of agricultural loans to total assets is significantly lower for the subsidiaries of large bank holding companies. These results are interpreted as evidence that the subsidiaries of large bank holding companies have greater opportunities to diversify risk by lending to businesses in a variety of industries.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241977

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of a recent survey suggest that many decision makers view financial risk in a safety‐first context. Imposing safety‐first chance constraints on potential financial ratios or flows can be difficult with traditional methods. This is particularly true with financial ratios when both the numerator and denominator are random and are affected by endogenous decisions. A model and numerical example are presented which enforce probabilistic or chance constraints upon potential debt/asset ratios in a multiperiod linear program. The model can be easily modified to probabilistically constrain alternative financial performance measures such as current ratios, working ratios, or cash flows.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241978

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simultaneous equation model is estimated to explain labor market phenomena (including wages, employment, and labor productivity) and food prices at manufacturing and retail levels of the U.S. food industry. Dynamic simulation results show that endogenizing input costs in a fully specified markup‐pricing model leads to a complex long‐run pattern of food price determination. Wage determination is found to play a central role linking general price levels to food sector prices and labor market behavior. Energy price changes are shown to significantly affect food prices. Food sector labor productivity is found to decline in response to exogenous commodity price shocks.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1241979

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY