摘要:

To this day plant breeding is most successfully carried out empirically by crossing promising lines with each other and by selecting high yielding plants with improved quality. Biochemical genetics provides increasing possibilities to determine the metabolic pathways leading to storage proteins, enzymes, flavonoids and fatty acids, compounds which give favourable or unfavourable quality characteristics to the desired plant product. Mutations blocking the pathway are of special significance in evaluating the effect of a substance on a quality parameter. Molecular genetics permits the isolation of individual genes and their multiplication in bacteria and yeast. The structures and expression of genes in single copy and complex loci can thereby be explored. The information obtained provides the basis for breeding strategies. In spite of knowledge about the biochemical pathways and the structures of the genes, the selection of the appropriate rare genotypes is often economically unfeasible. Genetic transformation and the application of fluorescent monoclonal antibodies in a non‐destructive way are methods of choice to overcome these restrictions. These problems and their solutions are examplified by breeding of proanthocyanidin‐free malting barley and breeding for improved nutritional quality of feeding barley.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549656

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549655

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Agricultural and food industry wastes include both solids and liquids that pose potentially severe pollution problems and are subject to increasing governmental regulations. In this presentation, emphasis is placed on microbiological and enzymatic processes for recovering animal feeds, food additives, chemicals and fuels from these wastes.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549657

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

With developments in recombinant DNA and fermentation technology, microbial sources, especially yeasts, can become significant sources of nutrients and specifically designed functional proteins and supplement conventional proteins. These developments underscore the need for practical methods for isolating functional proteins from yeast cells. In this review, the nature of the forces (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions) responsible for stabilizing nucleoprotein complexes are described and methods for disrupting these as an approach for isolating proteins are discussed. The need for practical methods to recover functional proteins low in contaminant nucleic acids is emphasized.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549658

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Amyloglucosidase (exo‐1,4‐ α‐D‐glucosidase, E C 3.2. 1.3) was coupled to glutaraldehyde activated Indion 48‐R (a cross‐linked macroporous anion exchanger) by Schiff base reaction. The bound enzyme exhibited 60–70% activity of the free enzyme. Substrate concentrations as high as 32% (w/w) liquefied tapioca starch could be quantitatively converted into 96–98% (w/w) dextrose in 24 h at 50°C and pH 4.5. Though immobilization lowered the temperature optimum to 50–60°C from 65°C for the free enzyme, it increased the temperature stability. However, there was no change either in the pH optimum or pH stability after immobilization. In batch operations, the immobilized preparation showed a half life of 32 and 12 days at 50°C and 60°C respectively.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549659

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The lipids of algaScenedesmus obliquusgrown under controlled conditions were separated and fractionated by column and thin‐layer chromatography, and fatty acid composition of each lipid component was studied by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC). Total lipids were 11.17%, and neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were 7.24%, 2.45% and 1.48% on a dry weight basis, respectively. The major neutral lipids were diglycerides, triglycerides, free sterols, hydrocarbons and sterol esters. The glycolipids were: monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, esterified sterol glycoside, and sterol glycoside. The phospholipids included: phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Fourteen fatty acids were identified in the four lipid fractions by GLC. The main fatty acids were C18:2, C16:0, C18:3(α), C18:1, C16:3, C16:1, and C16:4. Total unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid compositions of the total algal lipids were 80% and 38%, respectively.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549660

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549661

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549662

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438709549654

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor