摘要:

Life itself is based on thousands of enzymes. Applications of enzymes for treatment of food were first developed long before any knowledge about the nature and functions of these biocatalysts was available. Contemporary molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology and biotechnology now offer efficient tools for development and control of enzyme technology related to the food and feed industries.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549694

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549693

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Industrial applications of enzyme catalysts are mostly hydrolysis reactions. But increasing attention is given to enzymatic synthesis reactions. The possibility of obtaining efficient synthesis reactions without involving costly cofactors is illustrated by examples taken in the field of oligosaccharide production.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549695

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The rapid developments in food biotechnology with an increase in novel applications of enzyme technology create new demands for the availability of food grade enzymes. Relatively few enzymes are today available in large commercial quantities, and new applications require enzymes with new characteristics. Enzymes for food and feed applications are obtained from animal, plant, and microbial sources, although most are of microbial origin. The majority of microbial industrial enzymes are extracellular hydrolases, but others such as glucose isomerase and glucose oxidase are cell bound. Such intracellular enzymes are used either as whole cell preparations or they are recovered and purified to a varying degree. Microbial enzymes are usually produced by batch aerobic submerged fermentation, although continuous culture technology is also applied. Certain fungal enzymes are produced by solid‐state fermentation, and novel methods such as aqueous two‐phase systems and immobilized viable cell techniques have been developed. The paper discusses some new developments and their potential.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549696

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Digestibility of lignocellulose in the rumen can be improved by chemical, physical and biological treatments. For biological treatment of wood and straw the most promising organisms are the white‐rot fungi and especially their ligninolytic enzymes. White‐rot fungi are the only organisms which can efficiently degrade all components of wood and straw and produce the responsible extracellular polymer‐degrading enzymes, i.e. cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninases and other lignin‐degrading enzymes. The ability of some white‐rot fungi for the treatment of wheat straw, enrichment of agricultural waste materials by fungal protein and their ability to produce polymer‐degrading enzymes are summarized. Of the fungi studied,Phlebia radiataappeared to be a very versatile fungus. It efficiently degrades lignin and is a selective lignin‐degrading fungus. It also produces a large array of ligninolytic enzymes, including three ligninases, a copper containing laccase‐type oxidase and manganese dependent peroxidase(s) but the number of multiple isoenzymes is low.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549697

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sauerkraut juice is produced in European and North American countries and consumed as an appetizing and digestive beverage. To evaluate new methods of sauerkraut juice production, it was interesting to test some available enzyme preparations for their potential to liquefy white cabbage and sauerkraut. The liquefying effect of the 20 preparations used was tested by measuring the decrease in viscosity using a modified Brabender‐Amylograph. In general, the used technical enzyme preparations are more effectiv on sauerkraut (pH 3.8) than on white cabbage (pH 6.2). The reason of this might be that the most of the used enzymes are offered for fruit juice processing (pH 3.5–5.0).

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549698

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Apium graveolens (celery) cells immobilized in coacervate capsules using alginate or carrageenan crosslinked with water‐soluble chitosan demonstrated cell outgrowth, respiration rates, and total protein recoveries equal to or greater than cells immobilized in the same polymers without the chitosan shell. Amaranthin recovery from cell extracts and medium ofChenopodium rubrumcell suspensions treated with dissolved water‐soluble chitosan were greater than pigment recoveries from acid soluble chitosan treated cells, and the cells demonstrated higher viability. Release from cell suspensions treated with 1,000 ug chitosan/ml medium was comparable to release from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐ treated suspensions. Protein release fromDaucus carotasuspensions treated with dissolved water‐soluble chitosan demonstrated increasing release with increasing chitosan concentration, maintaining viability greater than freely suspended controls even at 1,000 ug/ml levels.

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549699

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549700

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0890-5436    

DOI:10.1080/08905438909549692

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor