ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty years ago, William Kessen, Greta Fein and I developed and tested a model of parent education, a model which involved variation in curricular content, didactic approaches, and child outcomes–experimentally contrasted. Our experience yielded some valuable lessons about the extent to which researchers can influence parents' behaviour, and parents their children's development. In the present article I suggest that these lessons might be useful for researchers now as they were for us then. I present some observations about the research that developmental psychologists have done in the intervening two decades and suggest that we could learn much by using such a model of parent education to answer questions about the effets of parents' behaviour on children's development. Carefully done, parent education studies can yield valuable information about many of the questions raised in recent correlational research. Parent training research can suggest hypotheses that can be tested with data collected non‐interventively and analysed in causal model analyses–andvice versa. What is more, because one reason for studying parent effects is so that we can offer guidance to parents about rearing their children, this design has a particular advantage; it is both the medium and the me

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen and how infants and young children start to understand that persons are entities different from ‘non‐persons ’ is the central issue addressed in this paper. A critical examination is presented of empirical research inspired by the ‘theory of mind ’ approach and relative to the knowledge about the mind exhibited by pre‐school children (2–5 years of age). In considering what kind of psychological knowledge pre‐linguistic children may acquire, it is argued that the most significant developmental phenomenon is the grasp of the concept of intentional communication, as distinct from both agency and instrumentality. Intentional communication, so defined, implies the capacity to represent and influence the other person's attentional state about aspects of the world, and at the same time to represent the other person as capable of understanding one's communica

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of an interdisciplinary programme of research started more than 20 years ago at the University of Tokyo. A major aim of this programme was (and still is) to develop methods and related forms of quantitative analysis that provide rigorous evaluations of infant behaviour from a particular theoretical perspective. In one part of the programme telethermography is used to measure emotional changes in young infants. Contrary to the accepted view in attachment theory, infants as young as 2–3 months showed evidence of stress following separation from the mother (as indexed by a drop in the skin temperature of the infant's forehead). In another part, we established the presence of interpersonal synchrony between arm movements of the newborn and the speech of the mother and other adults, using computer assisted pattern recognition techniques. On the basis of this finding, we have proposed a simulation model of mother‐infant interaction from the perspective of system information theory. In general, our programme of research provides a theoretically driven set of techniques and analytical approaches that may provide deeper insights into early development and parent

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated two hypotheses: (a) Japanese mother‐toddler dyads will work together more interdependently than American mother‐toddler dyads; (b) American toddlers will act more autonomously than Japanese toddlers. The hypotheses were investigated using videotapes of 10‐minute shape‐fitting interactions of 12 Caucasian American and 12 Japanese national mothers visiting the United States and their 24‐ to 31‐month‐olds (matched by mean age, gender and birth order). A significant MANOVA and subsequent stepdown analyses revealed: (a) that Japanese mothers more frequently assisted their toddlers in fitting a shape before the toddlers had tried to fit the shape on their own (interdependence); (b) that American toddlers did not attempt to fit more shapes on their own (autonomy); and (c) that more American toddlers left the task than did Japanese toddlers (autonomy). The results indicate greater interdependent task‐engagement among Japanese mother‐toddler dyads. Greater autonomy on the part of American dyads was evident not in how they did the task, but rather in toddlers choosing to leave the assigned task. Discussion focuses on the implications of these nationality differences for understanding possible differences in ea

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstruction in baby massage and the Burleigh Relaxation Bath technique was given to one‐half of our sample of 32 couples who had just had their first child. This brief intervention, given at 4 weeks post‐partum, led to beneficial behavioural and psychological effects for the family system when assessed at 12 weeks postpartum. Depression and marital satisfaction were assessed with mothers and fathers at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the birth of their child, and self‐esteem was measured at 12 weeks only. The mothers and fathers who were shown baby bathing and massage techniques showed higher degrees of marital satisfaction and self‐esteem, as well as lower levels of depression at 12 weeks post‐partum, than parents who did not receive instruction. It seems likely that brief interventions which educate new parents concerning functional techniques of baby care may favourably affect their feelings of competence and be of benefit to the entire fami

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430010111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY