ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011356

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Compact, three-dimensional cage compounds containing optimum numbers of nitro groups as determined in theory by thermohydrodynamic calculations, constitute a class of explosive compounds more powerful than HMX. This is a direct result of high crystal densities, particularly in combination with high strain energies built into certain of the cage systems. The synthesis of polynitro cage compounds has progressed on several fronts, and is currently in the second stage of a three-stage effort. The first stage has seen the synthesis of forerunners of more highly nitrated cage compounds, as part of a broad strategy to develop the methodology for achieving the polynitration of cage molecules. The nitro cage compounds whose syntheses are in progress (second stage) and will be completed in the near future are expected to be energetic. These compounds, in turn, are expected to lead, in the third stage, to stil more highly nitrated cage compounds including those which will be signifficantly more powerful than HMX. The results of the synthesis effort to date are outlined, and achievements highlighted. In adition, the results of the calculations identifying the optium polynitro cage compounds are discussed. The future direction of the program of synthesis is indicated.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011332

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Forensic Scientist who undertakes explosives residue analysis in the 1980's must not only be a skilled analyst, but also a skilled student, educator and consultant. The subject is multi-disciplinary, the scope is international, and the keywords are ‘‘experimentation'’ and ‘‘communication''. This paper expands on each area, drawing illustrations from recent Canadian experience which includes visits to major Forensic Laboratories on three continents. Specific emphasis is given to reviewing current literature on explosives analysis and considering the criteria which must be met by a new method in order for the Forensic Scientist to add it to his routine scheme for systematic analysis of explosives residues.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011333

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

TLC of post-explosion debris showed that in some cases PETN was accompanied by other compounds which reacted with Griess reagent. The possibility that these compounds could be lower nitrate esters of pentaerythritol (tri-, di- and mononitrate) was examined. Lower nitrate esters were obtained by hydrolysis of PETN and their structures were determined–following separation–by mass spectrometry and NMR. Chromatographic data of these esters matched data of the compounds which accompanied PETN in certain post-explosion cases. The dinitrate and trinitrate esters of pentaerythritol were isolated from post-explosion extracts and their structures confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011334

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Our previous work dealing with analyzing the reaction products of insensitive cast high explosives containing TNT, nitroguanidine (Nigu), ammonium nitrate (AN) and aluminium (Al) has shown that Al reacted incompleteley, especially in the case of high concentration of this metal.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011335

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A collisional induced dissociation (CID) study was done on 3,5,5-trinitropentacyclodecane and 5,5-dinitropentacyclodecane-3-carboxylic acid using tandem high-resolution MS/MS. Fragmentation pathways were determined in the El ionization mode. It was found that fragmentation of the C-N bonds–resulting in losses of the NO2groups–takes place before the fragmentation of the C-C bonds.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011336

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The majority of all criminal bombings in the United States are investigated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Processing the bomb scenes and examining the physical evidence in the laboratory are both performed using teams of highly trained specialists. This paper discusses the team approach to bomb scene processing. The analytical schemes employed by laboratory staff for the post-blast identification of explosives and bomb component is also described.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011337

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Inorganic oxidizing agents are used in various explosive mixtures that are analysed by analytical chemists. Among them are dynamites, ANFO, black powder, match heads, pyrotechnical devices and home-made bombs. The crucial step in post explosion analysis is the extraction and purification of the explosive residues from the debris. A unique, fast and selective extraction technique for inorganic oxidizing agents is described in this paper. The debris are first extracted with water to yield an aqueous solution of the ions. Oxidizing anions such as nitrate and chlorate, are selectively transfered into the organic phase by the use of lipophilic quarternary ammonium cations. Other anions such as carbonate, sulphate and nitrite are not extracted into the organic phase under these conditions. The extracted anions are then identified by infra-red spectrometry and chemical spot tests.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011338

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A chemical kit for field determination of traces of explosives on hands of suspects is described. The system involves three components: dry sampling devices (‘‘detection buttons''), and two tubes of chemical reagents. It detects virtually all the common military explosives, and there is also an option to detect home-made explosives based on inorganic fertilizers. Detection is based on two well known chemical reactions for which optimal conditions have been developed. In stage I polynitro aromatics are detected by the formation of colored Meisenheimer complexes. In stage II organic nitrates and nitramines are consequently detected by modified Griess test.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011339

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Improved methods were developed for the isolation and purification of explosives traces on handswabs. Silica capillary column gas chromatography with electron capture detection was used to analyse the cleaned-up extracts. The methods were applied to the analysis of nitroglycerine in firearm discharge residues deposited on hands and clothing by various weapons and different types of ammunition. We also describe improvements in the thin layer chromatography of nitroaromatic explosives on handswabs using an iminobispropylamine spray to form charge transfer complexes.

ISSN:0737-0652    

DOI:10.1080/07370658608011340

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor