摘要:

AbstractTwo consistent nonexact‐confidence‐interval estimation methods, both derived from the consistency‐equivalence theorem in Plante (1991), are suggested for estimation of problematic parametric functions with no consistent exact solution and for which standard optimal confidence procedures are inadequate or even absurd, i.e., can provide confidence statements with a 95% empty or all‐inclusive confidence set. A belt C(·) from a consistent nonexact‐belt family, used with two confidence coefficients (γ = infθPθ[ θ ϵC(X)] and γ+= supθPθ[θ ϵ C(X)], is shown to provide a consistent nonexact‐belt solution for estimating μ2‐μ1in the Behrens‐Fisher problem. A rule for consistent behaviour enables any confidence belt to be used consistently by providing each sample point with best upper and lower confidence levels [δ+(x) ≥ γ+, δ(x) ≤ γ], which give least‐conservative consistent confidence statements ranging from practically exact through informative to noninformative. The rule also provides a consistency correctionL(x) = δ+(x)‐δ(X) enabling alternative confidence solutions to be compared on grounds of adequacy; this is demonstrated by comparing consistent conservative sample‐point‐wise solutions with inconsistent standard solutions for estimating μ2/μ1(Creasy‐Fieller‐Neyman problem) and\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt {\mu _1^2 + \mu _2^2 }$\end{document}, a distance‐est

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315819

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe consider delays that occur in the reporting of events such as cases of a reportable disease or insurance claims. Estimation of the number of events that have occurred but not yet been reported (OBNRevents) is then important. Current methods of doing this do not allow random temporal fluctuations in reporting delays, and consequently, confidence or prediction limits on OBNR events tend to be too narrow. We develop an approach that uses recent reporting data and incorporates random effects, thus leading to more reasonable and robust predictions

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315826.n1

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFirst a comprehensive treatment of the hierarchical‐conjugate Bayesian predictive approach to binary survey data is presented, encompassing simple random, stratified, cluster, and two‐stage sampling, as well as two‐stage sampling within strata. For the case of two‐stage sampling within strata when there is more than one variable of stratification, analysis using an unsaturated logit linear model on the prior means is proposed. This allows there to be cells containing no sampled clusters. Formulas for posterior predictive means, variances, and covariances of numbers of successes in unsampled portions of clusters are presented in terms of posterior expectations of certain functions of hyperparameters; these may be evaluated by existing methods. The technique is illustrated using a small subset of Canada Youth&AIDS Study data. A sample of students within each of various selected school boards was chosen and interviewed via questionnaire. The boards were stratified/poststratified in two dimensions, but some of the resulting cells contained no data. The additive logit linear model on the prior means produced estimates and posterior variances for boards in all cells. Data showed the additive model to be pl

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315826.n2

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome parametric families of multivariate extreme‐value distributions have been proposed in recent years; several additional parametric families are derived here. The parametric models are fitted, using numerical maximum likelihood, to some environmental multivariate extreme data sets consisting of extreme concentrations of a pollutant at several monitoring stations in a region. Some multivariate nonnormal data analysis techniques are proposed to aid in the likelihood analysis. The new models, together with previous models, appear to be adequate for inferences in that they cover a wide range of possible dependence pattern

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315822

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMixture models for matched pairs arise when the pair‐specific parameter is assumed to be a random quantity. We explore the use of semiparametric maximum‐likelihood methods for a family of mixture models for matched pairs. The geometry of mixture likelihoods provides insight into the properties of these mod

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315823

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA modified chi‐square test statistic is constructed for testing the hypothesis of independence in a two‐way contingency table against a class of ordered alternatives defined in terms of pooled cross‐product ratios. The test procedure can also be used to test for positive quadrant dependence in a two‐way contingency table. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is obtained. Some power comparisons with known test procedures are given. A numerical example is given to illustrate the use of th

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315824

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Fels growth data record at half‐yearly intervals the heights of children from birth to adulthood, and are the basis for pediatricians' growth charts used throughout North America. Aspects of human growth are the subject of a large medical and statistical literature. This paper uses smoothing splines to study the variation in height acceleration. By use of a functional version of principal‐components analysis, we find that variation in the acceleration curve is essentially three‐dimensional in nature. Evidence for a small growth spurt between the ages of six and eight, reported for data collected in Switzerland, is examined, and little support is found for the existence of this phenomenon in the Fels

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315825

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mid‐p‐value is the standard p‐value for a test minus half the difference between it and the nearest lower possible value. Its smaller size lends it an obvious appeal to users — it provides a more significant‐looking summary of the evidence against the null hypothesis. This paper examines the possibility that the user might overstate the significance of the evidence by using the smaller mid‐pin place of the standardp‐value. Routine use of the mid‐pis shown to control a quantity related to the Type I error rate. This related quantity is appropriate to consider when the decision to accept or reject the null hypothesis is not always firm. The natural, subjective interpretation of ap‐value as the probability that the null hypothesis is true is also examined. The usual asymptotic correspondence between these two probabilities for one‐sided hypotheses is shown to be strengthened when the standardp‐value is

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315826

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Fisher information about parameters of interest (P‐information) is invariant with respect to nuisance parameters, and induces an information inequality associated with likelihood factorization. This information inequality provides a natural basis for measuring information loss due to using only a sublikelihood function for inference. In contrast with the global reparametrization of some previous concepts in the literature, the concepts of P‐ancillarity and P‐sufficiency proposed in this article are characterized by the notion of no pointwise information loss with respect to the parameters of interest. A conditional version of P‐sufficiency is also proposed. The asymptotic efficiency of likelihood inference under P‐ancillarity or P‐sufficiency

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315827

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCramér‐von Mises statistics are developed for use in testing for discrete distributions, and tables are given for tests for the discrete uniform distributi

ISSN:0319-5724    

DOI:10.2307/3315828

出版商:Wiley‐Blackwell    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY