摘要:

The broad spectrum of activity and the β-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime provide this new cephalosporin a possible efficacy in the treatment of obstetrical infections. This study was designed to evaluate the placental transfer of cefmenoxime. The study group consisted of 21 pregnant women undergoing a cesarian section. After a single intramuscular injection of 1 g of cefmenoxime, samples of maternal blood and amniotic fluid were taken 30 min before and at delivery; the same samples as well as umbilical cord blood samples were also taken 1, 2, 3 or 4 h after the injection, in order to evaluate the kinetics of the drug. The antibiotic assay was carried out by microbiological procedure. The results of the study showed (1) a peak level of 16 μg/ml in maternal serum, with a slow decrease and a residual value of 3 μg/ml at 4 h; (2) increasing levels of the drug in cord blood, with a peak value of 4.8 μg/ml; (3) a progressive diffusion of cefmenoxime in amniotic fluid, reaching the highest value of 4.7 μg/ml at 3 h, and (4) parallel kinetics of the drug in amniotic fluid and in cord blood. On the whole, this study showed a significant placental transfer of cefmenoxime, achieving therapeutic concentrations required against microorganisms responsible for obstetrical infect

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238306

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cefoperazone was used to treat patients with complicated urinary tract infections due to multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative rods who had failed prior courses of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Cure was achieved in 44% (4/9) of cases; 44% of patients improved but relapsed and 11% (1/9) of patients were reinfected. Relapse and reinfection were associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or with conditions not normally responsive to medical therapy alone including prostatitis, reflux and chronic indwelling Foley catheters. The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone were studied in renal transplant recipients. Peak serum concentrations (range 146–241 μg/ml) and 2-hour noncumulative urine concentrations (range 161–291 μg/ml) exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the bacteria in all cases. There was no accumulation of cefoperazone despite the presence of impaired renal fun

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238307

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The penetration of ciprofloxacin into prostatic tissue was studied following oral administration of 500 mg either once or repeatedly in 12-hourly intervals. Following single administration ciprofloxacin was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract peaking 1–2 h after administration. Elimination from serum was slow, the half life being 4.3 h. No significant rise in serum concentrations was noticed following repeated administration. Ciprofloxacin was concentrated in the prostatic tissue, levels being on average twice as high as the corresponding serum concentrations. The ratios between prostate and serum levels following single and repeated administration were 227 and 214%, respectively. Intraindividual analysis of prostate concentrations in different areas of the prostatic gland revealed a homogenous distribution within the prostate. Penetration of ciprofloxacin into prostatic fluid was studied in 11 patients 2-4.5 h after administration. At these points ratios between prostatic fluid and serum ranged between 1.5 and 450

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238308

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The antibacterial activity of the new quinolone compounds enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was evaluated in 300 Enterobacteriaceae, 50 Pseu-domonasaeruginosa, 30 Acinetobacter spp., 15 Haemophilus influenzae, 50 Streptococcus faecalis, and 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and compared to that of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and various β-lactam compounds. Moreover, the rate of spontaneous mutants resistant to quinolone compounds was evaluated. In concentrations only insignificantly exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), mutants could be isolated rather frequently (approx. 10-6 fold); in concentrations of at least 10 times the MIC resistant mutants were barely detectable. In general, the mutants exhibited a 4- to 8-fold increase of the MIC as compared to the wild strain. In S. faecalis mutants were not detectable, whereas they occurred in low frequency ( < 10-8 fold) in S. aureus strains. In all mutants there was almost, but not entirely, complete cross-resistance between the quinolone derivatives

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238309

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report a case of osteomyelitis due to a strain of Bacteroides uniformis highly resistant to clindamycin. The patient failed to respond to intravenous clindamycin therapy and eventually required amputation. This is the first documented occurrence of high-level clindamycin resistance in a clinical isolate of B. uniformis.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238310

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Spontaneous and selected variants of Serratia marcescens with resistance against chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, and pipemidic acid, revealed moderately reduced susceptibility for enoxacin and norfloxacin, and slightly diminished susceptibility for ciprofloxacin. Therefore, urinary tract infections due to S. marcescens strains showing this nonspecific resistance mechanism still might be amenable to judicious chemotherapy with these three novel bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors, particularly ciprofloxacin.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238311

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two in vitro β 32) strains of Staphylococcus aureus served to intraperitoneally infect cyclophosphamide-pretreated (leukopenic) NMRI mice. With larger bacterial in-ocula (approximately 5 × 108 CFU) neither oxacillin nor gentamicin or netilmicin yielded optimal chemotherapeutic results. Only combination chemotherapy, in particular oxacillin combined with netilmicin, consistently reduced mouse mortality significantly (p < 0.001). In contrast, moderate ‘tolerant’ staphylococcal inocula (approximately 2 × 108 CFU) were amenable to chemotherapy with either oxacillin or netilmicin, but not with cefotaxime or gentamicin. Oxacillin combined with either gentamicin or netilmicin resulted in significantly lowered murine mortality rates (p < 0.001). Cefotaxime combined with either aminoglycoside antibiotic gave less satisfactory results. Systemic murine infections due to three non-’tolerant’ strains of S. aureus were amenable to chemotherapy with oxacillin, cefotaxime or netilmicin alone and to combination chemotherapy. It is recommended that cases of life-threatening S. aureus infection, not complicated by acute endocarditis, initially be treated with oxacillin plus netilmicin until availability of laboratory results (antibiogram, documentation o

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238312

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Earlier experiments under anaerobic conditions in vitro had indicated that Gram-negative facultative anaerobes were susceptible to therapeutically attainable concentrations of metronidazole. This prompted us to study the response of one such strain to metronidazole therapy. Mice with 3-day-old subcutaneous abscesses induced by ‘susceptible’ Escherichia coli (accompanied by potentiating agent and obligately anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis) were given metronidazole by mouth (250 mg/kg/dose 12 hourly) either as a two- or a four-dose course. This therapy reduced the viable numbers of E. coli/ abscess by a mere 0.3 log10 and 0.7 log10, respectively. Assays showed that concentrations of metronidazole in abscess-contents compared favourably with those in the earlier in vitro experiments. But measurement of redox potentials in abscesses indicated that the conditions in these (-191 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) were not nearly as reduced as those in experiments in vitro (-650 mV). This, and the known dependence of metronidazole on low redox potentials for expression of its antimicrobial ability, appears to be the explanation for the poor anticoliform effect in the subcutaneous abscess model. Full assessment of the clinical implications of these observations must await the availability of data regarding redox potentials in clinical situati

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238313

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A group of cis-ethylenediammine platinum(II) complexes were synthesized and their activity against Sarcoma-180 ascites tumour cells in mouse was tested. One of the compounds, Pt(HOCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2)Cl2, showed significant antitumour activity having little toxicity to the host. Like the parent compound, cis-DDP, it binds to DNA, but transcription is not the primary process inhibited by these compounds. The drug-DNA complex, though less toxic, was not more effective than the free drug.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238314

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

New Zealand white rabbits were used in the evaluation of intralesional injections of cisplatin for the management of experimentally induced V-2 carcinomas. The tumors were implanted into the right hip by intramuscular injections of an inoculum containing freshly harvested V-2 fragments which gave rise to a single, spherical mass (2–3 cm) 2 weeks after inoculation. All rabbits received two courses of either intralesional cisplatin or saline beginning 2 weeks after inoculation. Cisplatin injections significantly slowed the growth and spread of the primary tumor in all treated rabbits. In addition, intralesional chemotherapy prevented the development of lung metastases in 71 % of the animals and produced approximately a threefold increase in survival time. Results indicate that not only is cisplatin active against experimentally induced V-2 carcinomas in rabbits, but direct intralesional injection is also an easy and effective means of administering chemotherap

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238315

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger