摘要:

The effects of cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] on the spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity of human lymphoblast cell lines mediated by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated. Direct addition of cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], but not its tumor inactive trans isomer, to the in vitro spontaneous cytotoxicity assay resulted in a small but significant enhancement of target cell lysis. Pretreatment of target cell lines with 5 μ m cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] also resulted in a similar increase in target cell susceptibility to lysis

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237876

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 18 newer antibiotics were determined for 33 strains of cutaneous propionibacteria, i.e., P.acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum. All the strains showed high sensitivity to the penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics tested. They were mostly resistant to aminoglycosides in therapeutically achievable concentrations, and nitroimidazole compounds were completely ineffective.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237877

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro efficacy of netilmicin and its synergism with penicillins were examined. Netilmicin was effective against E. coli, indole-negative and -positive Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Serratia. Netilmicin was less effective than other aminoglycosides against Citrobacter and Pseudomonas. A combination of netilmicin and piperacillin synergistically inhibited Enterococcus. Netilmicin was not synergistic with either penicillin or carbenicillin against Enterococci. Netilmicin with either carbenicillin, ticarcillin or piperacillin synergistically inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but no such synergism was noted against highly resistant strains of Pseudomonas.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237878

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The potential synergistic effect of piperacillin with gentamicin was examined against five isolates each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis isolated from patients with endocarditis. Piperacillin and gentamicin synergistically inhibited all strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus tested. They exerted no synergistic effect against S. faecalis. Piperacillin and gentamicin synergism may be clinically tested in the treatment of serious pseudomonas and staphylococcal infections but not against infections caused by S. faecalis.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237879

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Five aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) – kanamycin (KM), bekanamycin (AKM), dibekacin (DKB), ribostamycin (RSM) and paromomycin (PRM) – were studied for their effects on the nonenzymic reduction of cytochrome c by FeSO4 PRM. As this order correlated closely with that of the antibacterial activity of AGAs, Yamabe’s system has proved useful in predicting the latter activity. Divalent metal ions other than Fe2+ enhanced the AGA-dependent inhibition of Yamabe’s system in the order: Cu2+ Mn2+ Zn2+ Co2+ Ni2+ . This order was similar to that of stability constants with general chelators except for the low positions of Ni2+ and Co2+. These findings suggested a metal chelation with free or bound Fe2+ for the action mechanism of AGAs on Yamabe’s system and the bacterial growing system. The antagonistic effects of exogenous Fe2+ on the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as measured by the agar dilution method supported this concept. A dual relationship of molecular structure with chelating and antibacterial activities demonstrated the importance of high molecular basicity in a potent AGA. However, the combination effect of pipemidic acid (stimulator on Yamabe’s system) with KM was different from that with 1,10-phenanthroline (inhibitor on Yamabe’s system) as measured by Dye’s method using Pseudomon

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237880

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comparative studies on the cytotoxicity and antileukemic activity of limited numbers of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with pretazettine, a narcissus alkaloid, have been performed on the systems of Rauscher virus-carrier cells and the leukemic mice. Only precriwelline, a stereochemical epimer of pretazettine, has been found to be therapeutically active as that of pretazettine. The natural precursors such as haemanthamine, crinamine and 6-hydroxycrinamine were also moderately active, but the artifical final product, tazettine, was confirmed to be inert. The structure-activity relationship of pretazettine or precriwelline has been partially analyzed. Also, the predominancy of antiviral activity relative to cytotoxicity of the alkaloids has been demonstrated when compared with some standard antileukemic drugs.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237881

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Procedures for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in an infant rat model of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were developed. The results of efficacy studies with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and SQ 13,426 were compared to activity in vitro. While most of the drugs tested were very active against the two strains of H. influenzae used in vitro, this activity was not in all cases translated into efficacy in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies using ampicillin or chloramphenicol demonstrated the presence of each antibiotic at the foci of infection in concentrations found to be bactericidal in vitro.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237882

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relative efficacy of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine (MMUdR), adenine arabinoside (Ara-A), 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) and the combination of MMUdR and Ara-A in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis was investigated in rabbits. Treatment was initiated either at 4 or 24 h post virus inoculation. The parameter used to evaluate effectiveness was lesion size. Each eye was graded daily for the first 5 days and on alternate days thereafter to day 11. At concentrations of 2 or 5% both MMUdR and Ara-A were found to have potent antikeratitis activity. At 5% concentration, Ara-A provided essentially the same protection against herpes keratitis as 0.1% IUdR, while MMUdR was slightly less effective. The simultaneous application of 2% MMUdR and 2% Ara-A in combination was more effective than 5% MMUdR alone and was as effective as 5% Ara-A or 0.1% IUdR in controlling the viral keratitis.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237883

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

300 patients undergoing various operations were randomly allocated to receive, intra-incisionally, just before skin suture, either a solution of 1 g cephaloridine or Polybactrin aerosol. An equal number of patients were allocated to each group, and various factors likely to influence the incidence of wound infections were evenly distributed. 13 wound infections (9.8%) developed in the cephaloridine group and 28 (20.1%) in the Polybactrin group (p < 0.02). In the former group, the infections were milder and there were 44 fewer patient-days of hospitalisation. The difference in infection rates for ‘potentially contaminated and contaminated’ operations was greater (p < 0.01), in favour of cephaloridine. Other differences are discussed and some reasons for the superiority of cephaloridine over other agents (e.g., povidone-iodine, ampicillin) are advan

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237884

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In two groups of patients submitted to surgery of the colon and/or rectum, treatment to prevent bacterial infections using a combination of 100 mg neomycin and 10,000 U bacitracin every 6 h for 48 h gave the same results as neomycin employed alone at a dosage of 500 mg every 6 h for 48 h. Results confirm the synergism of action between neomycin and bacitracin.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237885

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger