ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237752

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The synergism of 5-FC with 4 polyene antibiotics, amphotericin B (amph. B), candicidin, trichomycin and nystatin were investigated in 3 in vitro models measuring the fungistatic and fungicidal activity as well as the development of resistant mutants. In these 3 models candicidin and trichomycin exerted a higher synergistic effect than amph. B or nystatin. In vivo (systemic treatment of septicemic candidiasis of the mouse) the combination of 5-FC with amph. B was, however, the most effective. Only with this combination a complete cure (culturally negative) was observed. For topical treatment of Candida vaginitis in rats, the combination of 5-FC with candicidin proved the most active. As far as the biochemical basis of synergism is concerned in Candida albicans in the presence of polyene antibiotics, the incorporation of fluorinated pyrimidines was increased and the reduction of uptake of histidine by 5-FC alone, significantly enhanced. These effects could not be observed in Cryptococcus neoformans. The release of amino acids, phosphate and potassium caused by polyenes was significantly more pronounced in cells pretreated with 5-FC. Thus, the interaction between 5-FC and the polyenes may, in fact be, mutual.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237753

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aqueous solutions of tri-minocycline (equivalent to 20–50 mg/ml minocycline HCl) and preconstituted ready-for-use injections were prepared at the pH of blood; these exert high antibiotic activities equal to those of the parent substance. The chloroform/water distribution coefficients of tri-minocycline in the different types of injections were somewhat lower, but in the same order of magnitude as that of the parent substance. The MIC values of tri-minocycline proved to be very low and the LD50 values very high, their separation covering more than 3 orders of magnitud

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237754

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chloramphenicol-acetylated derivatives (1-monoacetoxy-; 3-monoacetoxy-; 1,3-diacetoxy-chloramphenicol), produced by a wild type Escherichia coli strain carrying an R factor, have been extracted and purified. None of the acetylated derivatives has been found to bind to E. coli ribosomal subunits.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237755

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, netilmicin, was tested against 306 clinical isolates from ill children and compared with sisomicin and gentamicin. Activity against Enterobacteriaceae was similar to that of gentamicin but less than that of sisomicin. Two gentamicin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella, MIC 6.25 μg/ml, Escherichia coli, MIC 12.5 μg/ml) were susceptible to netilmicin (MIC 3.12 μg/ml). Netilmicin was ineffective against almost all strains of Pseudomonas but active against the majority of strains of Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus injluenzae tested. Disc diffusion sensitivity results correlated in general with the agar dilution test. Netilmicin had little activity against Pseudomonas but may be useful in the treatment of infections due to gentamicin-resistant Enterobacteriace

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237756

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A dialyzable component from the aqueous extracts of mouse skeletal muscle and liver inhibited in vitro growth of a mouse Ehrlich ascites. A similar component was not detected in extracts of spleen, kidney, lung, skin, serum or small intestine. The muscle component appeared to be different from that of the liver in its resistance to heat and its stability in the culture medium. Both components however were stable on storage at 4, 23 and 37°C for 72 h. Intraperitoneal injection of the muscle and liver component into mice previously innoculated with Ehrlich ascites significantly decreased tumor incidence in these animals as compared with the control

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237757

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

X-63, a polyene antibiotic of heptaene series showed activity against experimental infection with Candida albicans in mice, by several routes. The oral, intraperitoneal and intravenous activities ranged between dosages of 3.1–50, 0.06–0.5 and 0.25–0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Seven days treatment by intraperitoneal route caused significant progressive reduction of colony-forming units in kidney homogenates of infected mice, which was comparable to amphotericin B. The regression of infection was further demonstrated histopathologically. In vitro, antibiotic X-63 was similar to nystatin against nine strains of Candida used. It also proved active against amphotericin B-resistant strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, and C. parakrusei. The use of combined drug therapy in candidiasis has been disc

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237758

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To determine if antimicrobial synergism might affect the results of treatment of gram-negative rod infections, 444 bacteremias from 1972 through 1974 were studied. On these, 173 were treated with two antibiotics to which the infecting organisms were sensitive. Clinical responses were observed in 80% of 83 cases where antibiotic activity was synergistic, as defined by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic in combination being one-fourth or less than the MICs of individual drugs. This response rate was significantly better than the 64% response seen in patients treated with nonsynergistic combinations (p < 0.05). Synergism correlated with significantly better clinical responses in those patients with ‘rapidly fatal’ and ‘ultimately fatal’ underlying disease (p < 0.005), neutropenia (p < 0.001), shock (p < 0.01) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the use of antibiotic combinations to treat patients with gram-negative rod bacteremia who have the poorest prognosis is clinically justified and the improved results may be related to the synergistic activity of antimicrobial

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237759

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

205 paraplegic inpatients with urinary infections were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) bladder instillations (160 mg TMP + 800 mg SMZ daily for 2 consecutive weeks). 89.3% out of 84 patients with recent vertebral trauma and no history of previous urinary infection (group A), and 68.6% out of 121 patients with paraplegia since more than 2 years, severe chronic infection and various pathological conditions of the urinary tract (group B) were found to be sterile at the end of the trial. The intravesical concentrations of 3.2 mg/ml TMP and 16 mg/ml SMZ which are reached immediately after instillation are 50–100 times superior to the minimal growth-inhibitory concentrations for most sensitive germs as determined with agar dilution tests. Several strains of Klebsiella and Proteus which had previously proved resistant to oral treatment were eliminated with intravesical TMP-SMZ. The incidence of reinfection, evaluated 1 month after interruption of treatment, was particularly high (62.7%) in patients with known involvement of the upper tract or intravesical obstruction with postmicturition residuals above 75 ml. On the other hand, 28% only among the patients with recent spinal injury and integrity of the upper urinary tract became reinfected after the same interval. The absence of local intolerance could be confirmed in all 21 cystoscopically examined patients between the 6th and 11th day of treatment. Hematuria was never encountered. Systemic side effects were noted in 7.8%. Serum concentrations of both drug components are being investigated; results will be published elsewher

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237760

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger