摘要:

A method is described which enables the quantitative determination of the non-acetylated, non-conjugated fraction and thus the potentially bacteriostatic material of sulfonamide type, occurring in the body fluids during treatment with sulfonamides, by a simple procedure suitable also for serial analyses. In blood plasma, serum or interstitial fluid, the fraction mentioned consists almost exclusively of the unchanged drug which has been administered. In urine it can, in certain cases, comprise in addition a small part of sulfanilamide and/or another closely related and probably also active metabolite, the structure of which – as yet only partially known – is at present being investigated. An analytical process specially adapted for the combination with the former one, but not new in principle, is proposed for determining the total sulfonamide content. The difference of the results obtained by the 2 techniques corresponds to the sum of the non-antibacterially active sulfonamide metabolites contained in the samples.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220833

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Clindamycin (7-chloro-7-deoxylincomycin-hydrochloride-monohydrate) is an antibiotic with a remarkable bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against staphylococci [1, 4, 5, 8]. It may, therefore, be regarded as one of the drugs suited for therapy of staphylococcal osteomyelitis, especially after very good efficacy of Lincomycin was recorded in this disease. To confirm this assumption, however, the data on penetration of Clindamycin into the bone under conditions of routine clinical practice are needed above all. This study presents the preliminary results obtained in this respect.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220835

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The disposition by rats of tritium-labeled doxycycline was investigated. More drug is eliminated from the circulatory system by diffusion into the lumen of the small intestine than by excretion with urine or bile. Enzymatic degradation of drug either does not take place at all, or to a small extent only. These results help explain the clinical observation that doxycycline unlike other tetracyclines does not accumulate in patients with renal insufficiency. Doxycycline passes relatively easily through the intestinal wall and is less dependent upon normal renal function for its elimination than other tetracyclines of lesser lipophilicity.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220836

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cephalothin and cephaloridine concentrations of 10 μg/ml inhibited all of 100 Shigella strains in vitro. An additional 60 strains were tested with cephaloridine, cephaloglycin, cephalexin and ampicillin. One strain was resistant to all drugs and another was resistant to ampicillin (MIC 40 /μg/ml) but susceptible to the other drugs. The remaining 58 strains were inhibited by 5 «g/ml or less cephaloridine and ampicillin and by 10μg/ml or less cephaloglycin and cephalexin. A pilot s./tudy of cephaloglycin oral suspension treatment of 9 infants and children with acute shigellosis demonstrated that this antibiotic was no better than placebo therapy by all clinical and bacteriological parameters. Quantitative Shigella fecal counts were reduced slightly from pretreatment levels of 106 to 108/g feces to 103 to 107 during cephaloglycin therapy. Eight of 9 patients developed overgrowth of Candida and/or Pseudomonas in throat and stool cultures. Serum cephaloglycin levels were unmeasurable or low in 14 of 16 specimens. The lack of effective serum and tissue levels probably accounts for the failure of cephaloglycin. Although inhibitory concentrations of cephalexin are relatively high, they can be exceeded in serum, so consideration can be given to clinical trials of cephalexin for acute shigello

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220837

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Inhibitory activity of minocycline was determined using freshly-isolated microorganisms responsible for clinical infections. The activity of minocycline was compared to that of doxycycline and tetracycline. A concentration of 3μg/ml of minocycline, well within the levels obtainable in body fluids after administration of usual doses, was inhibitory against 97% of the strains of staphylococci. This concentration was effective on more than 90% of E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella-Enterobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, provided that the pH of the medium had been adjusted to the pH 5 level. Increase of the size of the inoculum decreased the effectiveness of minocycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline in similar proportions. The critical diameter of the zone size for distinguishing between strains sensitive or resistant to minocycline was determined as a 16-mm diameter. Since minocycline is protein bound and its effect is pH dependant, the clinical interpretation of this in vitro data must be done with caution

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220838

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of methotrexate on 125I-iododeoxy-uridine (125IUDR) incorporation into the DNA of L1210 and L1210/MTX ascites cells was determined at different stages of tumor development. Methotrexate administration to drug sensitive L1210 cells during the early phases of tumor growth invariably produced a dramatic decline in precursor utilization. In advanced L1210 ascites populations small drug doses (1 mg/kg) increased 125IUDR incorporation to about twice the control value, while larger doses (10 mg/kg or more) decreased uptake to less than half the original value. Log phase populations of drug resistant L1210/MTX cells resembled terminal L1210 ascites cells in that precursor uptake was enhanced by small amounts of drug and decreased by larger amounts. During the terminal phase of L1210/MTX development all drug levels up to 100 mg/kg produced an increase in 125IUDR incorporation. In parallel studies an attempt was made to correlate the in vivo perturbations of the DNA precursor metabolism to the lethal action of the drug. In terms of cell killing, L1210/MTX cells proved completely resistant to the action of methotrexate, while peritoneal L1210 cells remained fully sensitive throughout the course of ascites growth. Thus, although the results indicated some overall correlation between drug induced inhibition of DNA synthesis and subsequent cell death, the relationship between these 2 parameters would appear to be too complex and ambiguous to be used as a technique for predicting the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of the drug.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220839

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

With the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Rifampicin in eradicating Salmonella, 34 children with gastroenteritis due to Salmonella were studied, 18 receiving the drug and 16 not (control group). In 14 of the first group Salmonella was not isolated after treatment with the drug, but was still present in 4 cases; in one of these the strain isolated was resistant to 360 μg/ml of Rifampicin, while in the other 3 cases no reasons were discovered for the presence of the bacteria. Statistical analysis performed after pairing 14 cases in each group revealed a significantly lower percentage of isolated Salmonella in the treated group during a similar length of time after the end of treatment, as in the control group

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220840

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220841

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220834

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger