摘要:

Fosfomycin, a nontoxic broad-spectrum antibiotic, different in structure from all previously described antibiotics, acts selectively by inhibiting cell wall formation. It was overlooked during many years of screening because of antagonism by culture medium ingredients and frequent occurrence of resistant mutants. It is effective in man because the neutralizing substances are not present and resistant mutants of most species are avirulent. Fosfomycin has favorable pharmacologic characteristics. It is not cross resistant, does not show antagonism, and has been used successfully in combinations. An insoluble calcium salt is used in oral formulation and a sodium salt for parenteral administration. Overall success rates of 86% were reported with 1,000 patients in Spain and 79% in Japan.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000222020

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patients with acute pyelonephritis may be extremely ill and have a complicating septicaemia. This may necessitate the parenteral administration of an appropriate antibacterial agent. This paper reports the use of intravenous co-trimoxazole in two young women with severe acute pyelonephritis. 10 ml of co-trimoxazole (800 mg sulphamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim) was added to 500 ml of 5% dextrose in water and infused over a 90-min period. This treatment was given every 12 h for five doses, before switching to oral co-trimoxazole. The treatment was clinically and bacteriologically successful and no side effects were noted.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221964

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A method is described which may be used to compare the relative activity of β-lactam antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli. The method offers several important advantages over conventional methods of evaluation of the antibacterial activity of β-lactam agents: the bacterial inoculum is simply and accurately standardized; the response of the culture is continuously monitored and information is obtained on both the intrinsic activity of the agent and its susceptibility to entero-bacterialβ-lactamases. In this way, differences in the antibacterial activity of compounds which appear similar on the basis of more conventional tests may be reveal

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221965

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Forty strains of Bacteroides sp. were tested against three nitroimidazole compounds, metronidazole, tinidazole and nimorazole and the aminoglycosidic antibiotic spectinomycin. The effect of altering the inoculum and the presence of serum upon the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also noted. The three nitroimidazole compounds were all very active (average MIC = circa 0.25 mg/l. Tinidazole was twofold more active. The MIC of spectinomycin was 32 mg/l

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221966

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000222022

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Susceptibility of 760 bacterial isolates to fosfomycin has been determined by the agar dilution method. The MICs of 364 strains have been determined by comparison of agar alone and agar plus glucose-6-phosphate. This later enhances the activity of fosfomycin. Lastly, we studied frequency of mutation toward resistance for 109 susceptible strains. We obtained 88 stable mutants.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000222023

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A synergistic bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol and penicillin-G was observed with 17 out of 20 β-lactamase producing strains of Staphilococcus aureus. The synergism was due to chloramphenicol-induced inhibition of β-lactamase production. With seven of the strains the synergistic effect was operative only with subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, while higher concentrations produced antagonis

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221968

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study was made of the effect of the inoculum size and the culture conditions on the MIC of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was sensitive to fosfomycin. The increase of the inoculum and the conditions which favour the cellular multiplication considerably increase the MIC. Phosphates inhibit the action of the antibiotic. Fosfomycin produces a logarithmic decrease in the number surviving 1 h after being added; the bacterial lysis measured by the decrease in the OD depends on the medium and is hardly noticeable in ordinary broth. In a minimum medium the antibiotic does not affect the growth. The determination of the variation in the consumption of oxygen is a rapid and accurate method of evaluating the effect of fosfomycin. A spontaneous mutant glpT was isolated which was more than 128 times more resistant than the isogenic parental strain. The growth curves of this mutant, the sensitive parental strain and a naturally resistant strain that was isolated in a patient were similar to each other in complex media. In synthetic media the naturally resistant strain shows shorter phases of latency, but the generation times are analogous. This would seem to indicate that the resistance to fosfomycin in P. aeruginosa has no infulence on the speed of growth.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000222024

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Since homocysteine metabolism is important in the control of normal and abnormal growth, three homocysteine derivatives were synthesized and tested for effects on the growth of transplanted murine adenocarcinoma. Arachidonoyl homocysteine thiolactone (HCT) amide decreased growth, and oleoyl HCT amide increased growth of the neoplasm. Pyridoxal HCT enamine decreased the growth of the neoplasm when given for 2 weeks prior to transplantation, but the compound had no effect when given after transplantation. The two inhibitory substances were tolerated well by normal mice except in high doses. These findings suggest an approach to prevention and therapy of human malignancy which utilizes homocysteine derivatives of normal biochemical constituents.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221970

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The sensitivity of 116 strains of Bacteroides fragilis and 60 strains of Sphaerophorus to fosfomycin was studied. Of the 178 strains that were tested, 156 were isolated from pathological products in our department and the remainder came from the following collections: NCTC, ATCC and the Institut für Mikrobiologie of the University of Bonn. Identification was made morphologically and biochemically in accordance with the scheme which we usually employ and which has previously been published. The sensitivities were determined by the progressive dilution method in a solid medium with a surface inoculation of the strain. The results obtained show that no matter what kind of B. fragilis was tested, none of them were sensitive to concentrations of 200 μg/ml fosfomycin. On the other hand, all strains of Sphaerophorus were sensitive to lesser concentrations than the aforementioned. The majority of these concentrations subsequently lie within therapeutic margins. The conclusion drawn from our results is that the sensitivity to fosfomycin constitutes a test for differentiating Bacteroides from Sphaerophorus and that fosfomycin is ineffective in infections caused by Bacteroides, although it is an active antibiotic against infections caused by Sphaerophorus

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000222025

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger