ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238639

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The bactericidal quotient (BQ) assessed in the site of infection represents an essential parameter for evaluating the real bactericidal potency of an antibiotic in vivo. The assessment and knowledge of BQ values allow us to set up a more accurate and appropriate antibacterial therapy. The two drugs – ceftriaxone (Rocephin®) and imipenem plus cilastatin (Tienam®) – that have been taken into consideration in this study, having a similar antibacterial spectrum though with different kinetics, may have the same BQ values in bronchial secretion versus Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, when administered at different dosages, i.e. ceftriaxone 1 g (i.v.) every 24 h, imipenem 0.5 g (i.v.) ever

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238640

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum and tonsillary tissue levels of cefroxadine, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, proving to be effective in several infections, particularly in the ENT ones, were measured in patients scheduled for tonsillectomy. Twenty patients (12 males, 8 females) aged between 11 and 25 years (mean 18.0 years) were given cefroxadine for 2 days (500 mg every 12 h), and on the 3rd day 500 mg of the drug was given before surgical operation. Tonsillar tissues were taken 2 h after dosing and blood samples before, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the drug administration in 8 out of 20 enrolled patients. Cefroxadine concentrations were measured according to microbiological methods. Cefroxadine tonsillary levels were 1.13 ± 1.73 μg/g, approaching the MIC for sensitive bacteria. The time course of plasma levels is superimposable to previous studies. These findings suggest a rapid penetration of cefroxadine in tonsillar tissue and seem to confirm the clinical efficacy of the drug in ENT infection

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238540

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

21 patients, whose age ranged from 17 to 60 years and who had not been previously treated with antibiotics or other drugs, received bacampicillin as a perioperative prophylaxis for minor operations in the oral cavity. Four oral doses of bacampicillin were administered: each dose of 800 mg every 12 h, and the last dose was administered 2 h before surgery. To assess bacampicillin serum concentrations two blood samples were collected from each patient: the first sample was obtained 1 h before surgery and the second one during surgery. Together with the second blood sample, small quantities of gingiva and bone were obtained from each patient to also assess the antibiotic concentrations in these tissues (microbiological method). The results show that bacampicillin reaches high concentrations in both the blood and tissues studied by us, and that a direct correspondence exists between blood and gingival and bone tissue concentrations. Furthermore, it should be noted that no postoperative infections developed in our patients. These results lead to the conclusion that bacampicillin appears to be a suitable drug in the therapy of dental infections.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238541

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred patients (71 males and 29 females) with bacterial meningitis were randomly assigned into two therapeutic regimens. Patients in group I were intravenously given ceftriaxone (CRO; Rocephin®) to adults and intramuscularly to children once daily in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Patients in group II received ampicillin 160 mg/kg/day and chloramphenicol (AMCL) 100 mg/kg/day (i.v. to adults and i.m. to children) every 6 h. No significant difference was observed between the two therapeutic regimens with regard to mortality, time taken to become afebrile, fully alert and sequelae. Seven patients in the CRO group died compared to 10 in the AMCL group. The mean number of days taken to become afebrile were 3.4 and 3.5, and to become fully alert 3.9 and 3.5 for groups I and II, respectively. CRO administered in a single daily dose appears to be as effective as a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol given every 6 h in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. However, the once daily dose is more appropriate for use especially in areas where nursing care is limited

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238642

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Amdinocillin was studied alone and in combination with three other beta-lactam antibiotics (aztreonam, cefoperazone, and ceftriaxone) for activity against gram-negative bacilli. These antibiotic combinations failed to show synergy by the checkerboard double-dilution test or by killing kinetic studies. However, amdinocillin did show additive killing action when combined with the other beta-lactam antibiotics studied. Amdinocillin failed to induce or inhibit beta-lactamase production in species of Enterobacteriaceae, but with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, beta-lactamase production was induced. It is concluded that the activity of amdinocillin alone or in combination with another beta-lactam antibiotic should not be more effective in the treatment of infections by gram-negative bacilli than just using the beta-lactam antibiotic alone at a higher dose.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238542

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of patients suspected of serious bacterial infections, we conducted a randomized trial comparing ceftriaxone (Rocephin®) with a combination of cefuroxime plus gentamicin. Of 105 patients, 53 were treated with ceftriaxone alone and 52 with the combination; 13 patients were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 patients given ceftriaxone and 33 of 52 given cefuroxime plus gentamicin responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three patients given ceftriaxone and 6 who received gentamicin plus cefuroxime died (p = 0.28). Definite bacterial infections were identified in 67 patients; of the evaluable patients with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received ceftriaxone and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or death in 1 of 33 patients given ceftriaxone and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). Ceftriaxone was found to have an impact on the count of E. coli in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by yeast was observed. Using ceftriaxone reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per patient by 107 £ (US$ 183). Moreover, the total time saved per patient due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min. We conclude that monotherapy with ceftriaxone, 2 g administered once daily, is at least as effective and provides cost and time savings compared to the combination regimen of gentamicin plus cefuroxime for the initial treatment of patients in our institution with serious systemic bacterial infection

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238643

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

BMY-28100 is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin whose in vitro activity was compared with that of cefaclor. BMY-28100 was more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae than was cefaclor. In addition, there was only a small rise in MIC50 and MIC90 values for BMY-28100 when the inoculum size was increased 100- or 10,000-fold. In contrast, MIC50 and MIC90 values increased significantly for cefaclor with similar increases in inoculum size. These data suggest that BMY-28100 may be a promising agent to test for oral administration in infections caused by S. aureus and H. influenzae.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238543

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Forty patients with acute cholecystitis were divided into two randomized groups on the basis of the emergency antimicrobial therapy received, and were treated for a period of 5 days. The first group was given ceftriaxone (Rocephin®), the second cefoperazone (Cefobis®). This concomitant antimicrobial treatment of acute cholecystitis proved to be effective in 85% of the patients; 15% underwent ‘a chaud’ surgery on the 6th day because of a lack of response to the treatment. Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone proved to be equally effective. Use of ceftriaxone, however, was simpler (one injection a day) and the cost of treatment substantially

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238644

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The short-term therapy of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis and scarlet fever with ceftriaxone (Rocephin®) is reported. Sixty children, in whom the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by rapid enzyme immunoassay and smear test, were divided into two randomized groups and treated with a single dose of 50 mg/kg ceftriaxone or 50 mg/kg ceftriaxone on 3 consecutive days. Clinical cure was obtained in 100% of the patients and pharyngeal sterilization in 95 %, with no significant differences between the two groups

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238645

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger