摘要:

A total of 46 patients aged 59–84 who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate gland received 2 g of ceftriaxone intravenously at different points in time, ranging from 30 min to 74 h before the operation. The antibiotic concentration was determined in the serum as well as in the prostate adenoma tissue using microbiological methods after treating the tissue in a stomacher. 30 min after application, tissue concentrations were between 12.9 and 73.7 μg/g, and after 4 h still between 1.0 and 50.0 μg/g. Even after 48 h levels between 0.6 and 5.6 μg/g were found. Therefore ceftriaxone proved not only to have a long serum half-life as compared to other comparable cephalosporins, but also prolonged tissue concentrations, which justifies a single preoperative dose before transurethral resection of the prostate gland, as established by the clinical results descr

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238237

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 9 patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and a normal serum creatinine concentration, the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime (CTX) and its desacetyl metabolite (DACM) were examined in serum and urine after intravenous administration of 2.0 g CTX. The peak serum levels were 130.3 ± 33.9 and 8.5 ± 4.6 mg/l for CTX and DACM, respectively. T50%β was calculated to be 138.1 min (69.3–245.8 min) for CTX. The approximation of the terminal half-life of DACM revealed a prolongation which exceeded 10 h. Accordingly, the AUC amounted to 255.3 ± 92.0 and 151.9 h x mg/l, respectively. Within 24 h, 62.9% was eliminated in urine as CTX and 19.4% as DACM. The total clearance of CTX was reduced to 164.3 ml/min (58.3–296.6 ml/min), but the renal clearance was only moderately decreased to 90.0 ml/min (24.1–169.3 ml/min). These altered kinetics can be explained by altered metabolic function of the liver as well as by cirrhosis-linked alterations of renal elimination m

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238238

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Based on both IC50 and Ki values, brodimoprim (BDP) was often found to be two- to threefold more effective than trimethoprim (TMP) against a great variety of different bacterial dihydrofolate reductases (DHFR). In all cases BDP was found to be a reversible, tight-binding inhibitor. The higher affinity for enzymes relatively insensitive to TMP, like those of Nocardia, which is paralleled by higher in vitro activity, may be therapeutically useful. BDP also often inhibited plasmid-coded, TMP-resistant DHFRs, as well as altered chromosomal TMP-resistant DHFRs at lower concentrations than TMP did, this property, however, being therapeutically irrelevant. A higher affinity was also observed for eucaryotic DHFRs, the specificity, however, remaining similar to that of TMP.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238239

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Factors have been identified which are responsible for the phenomenon already reported in which regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to occur in broth cultures containing bactericidal concentrations of carbenicillin. In cultures incubated under stationary conditions, in a water bath, the factor primarily responsible for this phenomenon of regrowth appears to be the formation of condensate on the inside of the culture vessel. In such condensate, viable cells of P. aeruginosa were found in numbers equal or higher than those in the culture broth. As a result of coalescing, and running down the vessel wall, the condensate provides a continuous reintroduction of bacteria into the culture medium, and, notwithstanding a bactericidal concentration of antibiotic in the medium, this process of continual reinoculation leads to the formation of visible growth and an increase in the viable count in the culture medium after an initial bactericidal effect. In silicone-treated flasks, incubated in a water bath, regrowth did not occur. Under such conditions, condensate again formed, but only as discrete droplets on a non-wetting surface, and in such condensate the bacterial count was found to be low. In flasks incubated in an air incubator, condensate did not form, and under these conditions the phenomenon of regrowth was not observed.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238240

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, and five aminoglycosides were determined against 50 tobramycin-susceptible and 25 multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ceftazidime was the most active β-lactam and tobramycin the most active aminoglycoside. The combination of piperacillin and tobramycin was synergistic in most cases. The combination of cephalosporin and tobramycin showed mostly addition or indifference, as did combination of two β-lactams. No antagonism was observe

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238241

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The potency of fosfomycin (60 μg/ml)to induce bacterial L-forms and protoplasts was studied on two strains of Staphylococcus aureus. On osmotically appropriate agar, L-colonies could be grown and repeatedly transferred to fresh media. The L-forms were sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to penicillin. Protoplasts were produced by treatment of S. aureus in broth for more than 6 h

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238242

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The comparative in vitro activity of amikacin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, moxalactam, piperacillin, ticarcillin and tobramycin against 170 community blood culture isolates of gram-negative bacilli was investigated using the quantitative plate dilution method. Results showed that amikacin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, moxalactam, piperacillin and tobramycin were most active on a weight basis. Tobramycin and amikacin were quite active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but one isolate showed an MIC of 50 μg/ml to both. The order of activity of the remaining drugs for P. aeruginosa ticarcillin

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238243

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro activity of azthreonam – a monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic – was compared with the activities of ampicillin, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, lamoxactam, ceftazidime, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin against 249 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. Azthreonam was as active or more active than all the third-generation cephalosporins against all the Enterobacteriaceae except Klebsiella. Against Klebsiella azthreonam was more active than cefoperazone but less active than the other third-generation cephalosporins. Azthreonam, ceftazidime, and piperacillin were equally active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238244

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

On the basis of a regression analysis of the correlation between minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory zone diameter, interpretative criteria are established for the agar diffusion test with ceftriaxone disks (30 μg) in DST agar according to the DIN method. The correlation is good (r = -0.9242); the regression equation is x = -0.43 y + 20.53 (y = inhibitory zone diameter, x = log2MIC + 9). Following appropriate discussion, provisional MIC breakpoints of 8 and 32 mg/l are proposed for ceftriaxone. On the basis of these threshold values, the following criteria are established for interpreting the inhibition zone of ceftriaxone: resistance (corresponding to an MIC of 64 mg/l and more up to 15 mm; moderate sensitivity (corresponding to an MIC of 16–32 mg/l) 16–19 mm; sensitivity (corresponding to an MIC of up to 8 mg/l) 20 mm and

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238245

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of guinea pigs induced by an occlusive procedure is described. The method of evaluation permits comparison of efficacy of antifungal agents which are not tested simultaneously. Activity was demonstrated following topical application of clotrimazole, miconazole, tolnaftate or griseofulvin and oral administration of griseofulvin. Oral ketoconazole had little effect in this dermatophyte model.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238246

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger