ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStudies of alcoholism have beta carried out moody in western countries where its problems are not necessarily the same as those in other countries. There is need for international study of the concept and problems of alcoholism to identify universal features and to view the subject in better perspective.As regards the Chinese there is a scarcity of studies of drinking patterns and these are confined to the Chinese overseas. Apart from a report on 2 cases of alcoholism in a Chinatown11there is, so far as I can trace, no clinical study on alcoholism and no study on alcoholic psychosis. Most of the literature is impressionistic and anecdotal. The assumption is that although the Chinese drink a fair amount alcoholism is rare, an assumption which with its implications for etiology would apply only to expatriate Chinese and needs to be examined for the Chinese as a whole.It is therefore thought worthwhile to delineate certain aspects of the uses and problems of alcohol in the Chinese people of Hong Kong.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn intensive study was undertaken based upon the chart review of a large number of consecutive male admissions for acute alcohol withdrawal syndromes to a university psychiatric service. Basic psychosocial characteristics were examined along with the characteristics of the presenting picture and the clinical coarse. The patients had been treated with paraldehyde along principles described elsewhere3The analysis of this data would document an extensive experience gained in a circumscribed zone of time and space. It was expected that it would contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of this group of related withdrawal syndromes by yielding, information about etiologic and prognostic factors. It would also summarize and make possible the evaluation of the treatment program. It would also serve to make a large body of data available for subsequent cross‐cultural, cross‐temporal and cross‐therapeutic compar

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA five‐year follow‐up of108opiate*addicts is described. Their mean age was26years when first seen and they had on average been known to the Home office less than two years,79were male. At the end of the follow‐up period,25were off opiates and17were dead. A series of cases is followed‐up in relation to their stage of addiction. The number of opiate‐free patients after Jive years is shown to be significantly different for the three stages. In relation to the Stage for II (i.e. “early” or “pre‐chronic”) addict, it is suggested tentatively that drug withdrawal must be effected after no, or limited, opiate prescription. The outlook for the chronic (Stage III) addict appears poor, and the limited apparent improvement that is shown must be considered in the light of an evidently growing black market m adulterated, imported

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐two amphetamine‐dependent subjects, all imprisoned drug abusers, with a history of at least one year of intravenous abuse of central stimulants, were used for evaluation of the subjective effects of the two weight‐reducing drugs fenfluramine and AN 448. During four different days, each subject received a single dose of the following drugs in a double‐blind study with cross‐over design: AN 448 2 mg, fenfluramine 80 mg, amphetamine 50 mg and placebo. A self‐rating scale for the factor “CS effect” was used before drug intake, and 1, 3 and 6 hours thereafter. A question of “similarity to amphetamine” was posed at 6 hours after drug intake. Some subjects experienced a low degree of amphetamine‐like effect from AN 448, whereas no such effect was found for fenfluramine. With regard to the factor “CS effect”, AN 448 and fenfluramine di

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe results of a follow‐up study of 200 males committed wader the MARA Act have been compared with general findings of other such studies. It was found that, if relapse is defined as any re‐use of narcotics, the observed relapse rate of 87 per cent is equivalent to the 80–90 per cent relapse rates reported in other studies. Variables which have been related to relapse in other studies were also examined in this project. Some support was found for Wirdek's “maturation hypothesis”. Although no relationship was found between length of addiction and relapse, age was found to be related to relapse. Specifically, it was found that patients under 30 years of age used narcotics regularly or became readdicted at much higher rates than those over 30. Similarly, the rates of total abstinence or occasional use of narcotics were higher for those over 30. These findings indicate that Winick's hypothesis cannot be completely rejected. Employment was also found to be related to relapse in that those who found jobs relapsed less often than those unable to obtain employment. Most of the problems patients encountered in seeking a job seemed to be related more to their own personality problems than to other factors. Two other variables, ethnicity and education, were generally unrelated to relapse. Both the counselors and patients cited three general factors which led to relapse. One factor was use of narcotics to alleviate interpersonal stress. The second factor was the patient's craving or enjoyment of the euphoric effects and the “magnetic” pull of the addict subculture. Inability to cope with his own problems and frustration constituted the third general factor which helped to explain the relapse phenomenon. In citing reasons for abstinence, counselors and patients agreed that the patient's desire to stay clean, effectiveness of therapy, emotional support of the family and fear of the consequences of continued involvement in the drag subculture were the mast important factors in a patient remaining drug free. Further analysis of the stated reasons for abstinence indicated that little support was found for Winick's hypothesis that addic

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn looking at the relationship between the use of marijuana and the severity of psychiatric symptomatology among students in a university community, the present study found that students reporting symptom; of greatest severity were significantly more likely to have had experience with marijuana. Additional findings also demonstrated that experience with the drug was significantly associated with students' previous utilization of psychiatric facilities, their contact with others who have sought psychiatric care, and the nature of their identifications within the college community.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among 441 bays committed to approved schools, the proportions admitting to be smokers ranged from about 33 per cent at ages 10 and 11 to 91 per cent at age 16. At all ages for which comparison could be made, the proportion of smokers among the approved school boys was higher than among State schoolboys interviewed by the Government Social Survey, but it was at the younger ages that approved school boys seemed to be particularly at risk. In addition, smokers among the approved school boys seemed to smoke muck more heavily than those at State schools.No relationships were found for the approved school population between amount smoked and variables of intelligence, educational attainment, delinquency involvement, personality (as measured by Cattell's H.S.P.Q.), social class, home circumstances, and family relationships and discipline, beyond a weak correlation at the age of 16 between smoking and number of court appearances. It was suggested that farther research on smoking among delinquent boys should concentrate on their life‐style and value‐syst

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1972.tb01170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY