ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe author uses two important therapies, NaikanTherapy (Self‐observation Psychotherapy) andDanshukai(Alcohol Abstinence Society), in treating Japanese alcoholics.NaikanTherapy is a method which is administered mainly in hospitals and is most suitable for patients to reflect on their past lives, retrieve the bonds of affection of their families and make up their minds to abstain from alcohol.Danshukaiis an important method, particularly as after‐care following discharge in the sense that patients continue sticking to the resolution to give up drinking they made in the hospital, while keeping in touch with their fellow members for encouragement. These two methods were born in the Japanese Buddhist climate and are much alike in their basic principles. Particularly, regarding the family as important and making efforts with the family are outstanding features common to these two methods, and they can be administered one after the other to provide a synthetical eff

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study provides a basic demographic profile of an emergency room alcohol patient population, and examines the relationships of age, ethnicity and sex to type of complaint at admission, likelihood of referral for further aid, type of psychiatric diagnosis given, and ultimate disposition of the case. One thousand, one hundred and eleven consecutive alcohol related admissions were included from the emergency room of a large, inner‐city county hospital of a city in which a substantial proportion of the population is Spanish and Negro. Alcohol admissions were predominantly Caucasian and male, with a modal age of 35 to 49 years. The most common medical diagnoses were, respectively, acute intoxication and chronic alcoholism, followed by organic brain syndromes and psychoses attributed to alcohol use, seizure disorders and alcohol‐related somatic complaints, and suicide attempts and bizarre behaviour under the influence of alcohol. 16.8% of these patients received psychiatric evaluation and only 21.8% were referred for further help with their alcohol related problems. Further breakdowns and relationships of these variables are discussed, and possible reasons for the observations are sugges

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThree strains of mice (DBA, TO and C5T) were exposed to ethanol vapour in separate inhalation chambers for 10 days. The concentration of ethanol in inspired air was carefully controlled so that similar concentrations of ethanol in blood (c. 2 mg ml‐1) were produced in each strain. No significant differences between strains mere observed, in ethanol or acetaldehyde concentrations in blood or in liver after administration of ethanol for 10 days. On withdrawal of ethanol some mice of each strain were assessed for the ethanol withdrawal syndrome (convulsions, tremor, piloerection, and tail erection) using a subjective scoring system. The remainder were killed for measurement of hepatic triglyceride concentration. The DBA strain of mice showed a very severe ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Hepatic triglyceride concentration in this strain showed an increase of 892 per cent compared to controls. The C57 strain in contrast showed little evidence of a physical withdrawal syndrome, and triglyceride concentrations in liver were increased only 235 per cent above control concentrations. TO mice were intermediate both in withdrawal syndrome severity and in accumulation of triglycerides in liver (365 per cent above control). The results suggest an association between genetic differences in ethanol‐induced changes in hepatic lipid metabolism and the seventy of the ethanol physical withdrawal syndr

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryForty married women in a psychiatric hospital with a diagnosis of alcoholism were interviewed to obtain details of their pregnancies and outcome of pregnancies with particular reference to spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, deaths, mental handicap and congenital abnormalities. Forty controls matched by age and with a diagnosis of endogenous depression were also interviewed. No significant differences were found in the fertility, outcome of pregnancy or state of the children. The probable reasons for this are discussed briefly and the introduction contains a review of some of the literature on the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryField dependent individuals, who are characterized primitive, find it difficult to separate the figure‐ground relationship and consequently do poorly on embedded figure tests. Heroin addicts have also been described as being fixated at an early level of psychosexual development, using the more primitive avoidance defences. It was therefore hypothesized that addicts would be more field dependent on a perceptual disembedding task than non‐addicts. Also, although both groups should learn from practice on this task, non‐addicts will exhibit greater improvement than addicts. Thirty male addicts between the ages of 18 to 28 and an equated group of non‐addicts were administered Part 1 and Part 2 of the Hidden Figure Test cf‐1 with a 120 s interval between the parts. Both hypotheses were supported at the 0.001 level. However, these differences are not enough to distinguish addicts from other highly field dependent nosological groups. Also, additional research must be undertaken in order to understand the connection between this type of cognitive functioning and current low addict rehabilitat

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDiscussions of the varying levels of alcohol consumption within a population usually focus on the alcohol consumption distribution curve. An alternative way of looking at this information is introduced by defining a ‘consumption containment rate ‘, which is interpretable as a population's tendency to contain its drinking within any given level. Parallels with the concept of age specific mortality rates are drawn. It is argued that the CCR is a useful concept in analysing data and in comparing populations, and two examples are given. Some of Ledermann's data and his use of the log‐normal distribution curve are re‐appraised through the use of

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1979.tb02413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY