ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<3::AID-JHBS2300190102>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe do not need to choose between a vulgar sociology and an unqualified individualism. Exceptional creative scientists like Charles Darwin draw on precursors and contemporaries, develop collaborations, and respond to broad social forces. We need a theory of individual creative work that takes account of sociohistorical factors. Such a theory will entail consideration of the multiple strands of activity that form a unique pattern for each creative person and within which he or she produces many metaphors and many insights in a protracted process of purposeful growth. The in‐teractionism and pluralism of this approach leaves room for both the social nature of thought and the specialness of the creative perso

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<4::AID-JHBS2300190103>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interplay among Darwin's organizations of purpose, affect, and knowledge is examined, with particular focus on the development of his ideas about psychology. This enterprise was subordinate to his major enterprise, developing a clear and convincing theory of evolution. There is, nevertheless, a remarkably rich record available for reconstructing Darwin's thinking in this domain. The historical context in which his ideas were constructed reveals the complex process of exchange that occurs between the individual and his or her intellectual milieu. Two examples of Darwin's borrowing of ideas—from Lamarck and from Malthus are addressed. What emerges is that “influence” is not a passive copying. For an idea to be assimilated to a new intellectual organization it must be uprooted and transplanted, abstracted and transformed, and carefully worked into the structure of the new arg

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<15::AID-JHBS2300190104>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe power of Darwin's writing in his culture is best understood when it is seen not as a single source or “origin,” but in its shifting relations to other areas of study and creativity. Darwin was immensely alive to concurrent work in a range of disciplines, including race theory, historiography, psychology, and literature. Equally, the problems raised by his writing may manifest themselves more acutely when they are transferred into another field. In her last novel,Daniel Deronda, George Eliot explored the anxieties generated by connections newly perceived in the wake of Darwinian controversy—connections such as those between origins and ending, language and race, and sexual selection and the psychology of

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<31::AID-JHBS2300190105>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThough Darwin had formulated his theory of evolution by natural selection by early fall of 1837, he did not publish it until 1859 in theOrigin of Species. Darwin thus delayed publicly revealing his theory for some twenty years. Why did he wait so long? Initially this may not seem an important or interesting question, but many historians have so regarded it. They have developed a variety of historiographically different explanations. This essay considers these several explanations, though with a larger purpose in mind: to suggest what makes for interesting problems in history of science and what kinds of historiographic models will best handle them.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<45::AID-JHBS2300190106>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDarwin's theory of evolution encompasses both nonanthropocentric and biocentric elements. T. H. Huxley, Peter Kropotkin, and Patrick Geddes accepted the general theory and attempted to make use of it in writing about social and political questions. Huxley and Kropotkin failed to incorporate the biocentric aspects of the theory of evolution into their understanding of evolution or their thinking about society; Geddes successfully integrated biocentrism and social theory. Their failures and successes provide important lessons for contemporary social theorists.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<54::AID-JHBS2300190107>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstinct is a word with many meanings. Consequently its use has frequently led to confusion and misunderstanding. Darwin wrote of instinct in connection with genetic inheritance of behavioral tendencies, behavioral development governed independently of effects of experience, blindly purposive behavior, stereotyped behavior, species‐characteristic behavior, and motivation. He recognized the ambiguity, yet often took evidence of instinct in one sense as evidence of its applying in other senses as well. Spencer added a Lamarckian twist by arguing that instinct evolves as a consequence of inheritance of individually acquired associations. Modern ethology continues to provide example of how the ambiguity of instinct encourages fallacious inferenc

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<68::AID-JHBS2300190108>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article first examines the way in which early developmental psychologists interpreted and modified Darwin's original insights in the direction of both recapitulation and organic selection. It then examines some of the scientific and extrascientific factors that led the young Piaget to reject Darwinism. Finally, it notices that, in spite of their fundamental differences vis‐à‐vis Darwinian evolutionary theory, the early developmental psychologists and Piaget shared a key aspect of the Darwinian legacy to the sciences of mind: a deep faith in the explanatory powers of organic r

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<81::AID-JHBS2300190109>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<95::AID-JHBS2300190111>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198301)19:1<98::AID-JHBS2300190112>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY