ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<1::AID-JHBS2300170102>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFloyd H. Allport's primary concern was to develop a social psychology based on the study of the individual, independent of more sociological approaches. His work on social facilitation and the J‐curve of conformity reflects these concerns, besides betraying Allport's behavioristic preference for simple, atheoretical studies that would lead to easily quantifiable results. Sherif, on the other hand, attempted to integrate interdisciplinary sources into a context out of which an experimental social psychology could emerge. He conducted a program of laboratory studies on the formation of social norms that display a broader, more holistic emphasis than Allport's. It is argued that Sherif's social norms work tied in nicely with a new trend towards integrative group research in conformity and related topics that led away from narrower, more stimulus‐oriented approaches like Allpor

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<3::AID-JHBS2300170103>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper argues that John Locke formulated the concept of tabula rasa to resolve the conflict between the belief in divine determination and the liberal belief in individual freedom. It is pointed out that Locke's concepts of tabula rasa does not deny the existence of biologically innate aspects of nature. In addition, it is found that a number of current theories dealing with theory formation are inadequate for explaining the origins of such key concepts as tabula rasa. As a consequence, an alternative theory of concept formation is proposed. Finally, it is argued that the tabula rasa doctrine cannot be considered as the original impetus to the development of the theory of the social determination of behavior.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<15::AID-JHBS2300170104>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the first decade of this century, debates over whether psychology should be affiliated with philosophy or the natural sciences signaled the discipline's withdrawal from philosophy. By the 1930s, however, talk of a rapprochement between psychology and philosophy was common in the psychological literature. This paper traces the changes in philosophy which facilitated that rapprochement and examines psychology's role in the development of logical positivism. Bertrand Russell introduced Watsonian behaviorism to the Vienna Circle via his reformulation of epistemology in behavioristic terms. Under the further influence of Neurath and Popper, Carnap led the Vienna Circle to abandon Mach's phenomenalistic stance and adopt physicalist language as the basis of science. Physicalism entailed a version of behaviorism less restrictive than Watson's and was thus received favorably by many neo‐behaviorists. Whereas Thorndike and Watson had been unsympathetic toward philosophy, each of the major neo‐behaviorists (Skinner, Tolman, Hull, and Guthrie) had significant contact with the new positivist philoso

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<28::AID-JHBS2300170105>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsideration is given to some early attempts at postulating developmental theories. Several areas are discussed: genetic theories (recapitulation and utility) which tried to account for ontogenesis by relating to it phylogenesis, “stage” theories, and theoretical contributions of several individuals (William Preyer, James Sully, Charles Waddle, William Stern, and Kurt Koffka). It is noted that many ideas dating from this period continue to influence current developmental theory and research through their “rrediscovery” and/or their incorporation into contemporary t

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<38::AID-JHBS2300170106>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExplanations and postulated mechanisms of motivation are traced from Hobbes to current cognitive formulations. Beginning with the hedonic principle, succeeding explanations of motivation have included drive theory, in terms of reflexive properties and in the Freudian notion of unconscious motivation, and current cognitive explanations, which have not yet been fully developed. It is hoped that the repeating cycle from rationality to irrationality and over again can be avoided in future explanations.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<48::AID-JHBS2300170107>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn tracing the early history (to 1926) of The Psychological Corporation, this article presents a case study of the goals and achievements of the American psychological profession of the 1920s. It is based primarily upon the extensive manuscript collections left by the Corporation and its early members, places the foundation of the Corporation into its social and professional context, and concludes that the early years of the Corporation represent a failure of applied psychology.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<54::AID-JHBS2300170108>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of hypnosis as a therapeutic and experimental method was significantly influenced by Sigmund Freud's announced rejection of the technique late in the nineteenth century; however, a Hungarian‐born hypnotist, Franz Polgar, related in his little‐known autobiography that he served as Freud's assistant for six months in 1924. Possible factors related to this seeming paradox are discussed, including the evidence that many of Freud's psychoanalytic colleagues were then actively interested in hypnosis and the negative value associated with the modality had been lifted during the time when Polgar reported that Freud himself was utilizing the method. This is a historically important account of the interface between two prominent therapeutic techniq

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<68::AID-JHBS2300170109>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the years immediately preceding World War I, American economists indicated their intense concern with the problems of high and rising prices. Despite disagreements over the role of monetary phenomena in causing inflation, most observers saw it as a serious problem and considered the middle class its chief victim. However, more recent work indicates that the rise in prices was quite moderate and that middle income groups probably suffered less than others. This suggests that anxieties about the future of middle class careers, values, and family life influenced economists' theorizing about inflation. Rising prices seemed to threaten the doctrine of success through individual effort, thrift and restraint in consumption, and a patriarchal family structure. The article traces the ways in which many leading economists displayed these concerns in their discussions of inflation and the cost of living.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<75::AID-JHBS2300170110>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is based on pre‐Freudian dream psychology as it was presented in English and American periodicals and journals during the half century from 1860 to 1910. The author briefly examines the place of dreams in early American psychology and the degree of professional interaction and cross‐fertilization of ideas. Major trends in nineteenth‐century dream theory and speculation are examined by discussion of four areas of the literature: the reporting and recording of dreams, dreams and memory, dreams and reality, and consciousness in dreams. The author concludes that the post‐Freudian tradition of experimental dream investigation and clinical dream interpretation has failed to incorporate a third trend in the pre‐Freudian literature: the popular interest in parapsychological dreams and the philosophical interest in the epistemology and metaphysics of

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(198101)17:1<88::AID-JHBS2300170111>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY